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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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magnetoencehalography
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tiny electrical fields produced by neurons, detected by SQUIDS
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TMS
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concentrated pulse of electricity
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Functional MRI is used for what
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BOLDS
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BOLDS
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blood oxygen level-dependent signal
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sclara
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white part of eye, gives protection to everything and gives eye shape
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pupil
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where light enters, lets light into eye
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cornea
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helps bend and focus light
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iris
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controls how much light pupil enters into eye
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lens
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does focusing
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presbiopia
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having to read something from far away, bifocals
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myopia
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near-sightedness, glasses, eye surgery
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hyperopia
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far-sightedness, glasses, eye surgery
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Microdialysis process
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measures chemicals secreted by brain- fluid is pumped thru inner cannula, substances diffuse thru dianalysis tubing, fluid collected n analyzed
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microdialysis on humans
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PET scan modified and is able to locate any radioactive substance that emits positrons
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TI=
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measure of drugs margin of safety. ratio of D+ n -, ex- if toxic dose is 5 times higher than effective dose, its 5.0
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most important sites of drug action
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presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors
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location of GABA
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brain
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location of glycine
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spinal chord and lower brain stem
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glutamate is
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excitatory
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GABA
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inhibitory
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what type of toxin prevents ACh release?
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botulinum
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type of ACh receptors-nicotinic
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ionotropic
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type of ACh receptors-muscarine
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metabotropic
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types of catecholamines
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dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
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type of indolamine
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serotonin
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dopamine functions- MARL
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movement, attention, reinforcing, learning
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DA- nigrostratial system
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located in basal ganglia, controls movement
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DA- mesolimbic system
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projects axons to amygdala and hippocampus
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DA mesocortial system PAL
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planning, attention, learning
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deprenyl
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prevents destruction of dopamine
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serotonin controls MEAPS
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Mood, Eating, Arousal, Pain, Sleeping
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principal excitatory NT, lowers threshold of excitation AP5
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Glutamate
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Adenosine- Neuromodulator involved in
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glial cells and neurons to increase oxygen/fuel
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main type of soluble gas
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nitric oxide
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Trichromatic Theory: Thomas Young 3 types of color cones
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blue, green, red
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protonopia
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red cone problem (contains green cone opsin
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deuteranopia
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green cone problem (contains red cone opsin)
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tritanopia
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blue cone problem (retinas lack blue cone)
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Trichromatic Theory: Thomas Young 3 types of color cones
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blue, green, red
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basic dose response curve
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after certain point, increasing dose doesnt produce stronger effect
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dose-response for morphine
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left curve-analgesic effect of morphine, right curve-depressive effect of morphine on respiration
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D+ TI
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50% desired effect
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D- TI
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50% toxic effect
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Antagonists
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oppose or inhibit postsynaptic effects
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agonists
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facilitate postsynaptic effects
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Ant/Ag Picture-Before Drug
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natural chemical, receptor site, normal cellular activity
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Ant/Ag Pic-Agonist Drug
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natural chemical, agonist drug, receptor site, enhanced cellular activity
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Ant/Ag Pic-Antagonist Drug
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natural chemical, antagonist drug, receptor site, blocked cellular activity
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the striate cortex controls
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orientation and movement
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difference between V1 and V2 in visual association cortex
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more CO in V2, stripes resemble this.
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appearance of colors of objects remains the same no matter what type of condition
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color constancy
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apperceptive
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visual agnosias are failures in high-level perception
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associative
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visual agnosias are disconnections between neural circuits and brains verbal systems
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