Phys Psych 1

Front 1

major specializations of M.D.

Back 1

psychiatrist
neurologist
neuroscientist

Front 2

major specializations of Ph.D.

Back 2

psychophysiologist
neuropsychologist
neuroscientist

Front 3

biological explanations of brain

Back 3

physiological
ontogenetic
evolutionary
functional

Front 4

sex-linked genes

Back 4

genes located on sex chromosomes

Front 5

sex-limited genes

Back 5

genes present in both sexes, generally on autosomal chromosomes but active mainly in one sex.

Front 6

sources of variation

Back 6

recombination and mutation

Front 7

evolution: Lamackian evolution?

Back 7

if you exercise your arm muscles, your children will have bigger arms. but research shows that using or failing to use body structure does not affect offspring

Front 8

have humans stopped evolving?

Back 8

no, key to evolution is reproduction, not survival

Front 9

heritability and environment=

Back 9

behavior

Front 10

dualism

Back 10

belief that mind and body are different substances that exist independently

Front 11

monism

Back 11

belief that universe consists of only one kind of substance

Front 12

RNA

Back 12

single strand of 4 complementary bases. directs formation of proteins, different types

Front 13

human genome project

Back 13

identifies harmful conditions prior to expression. preventive measures

Front 14

uses of animals in research

Back 14

1. easier to address underlying mechanisms of bx.
2. process/function highlighted or exaggereated
3. shed light on human evolution
4. certain experiments unethical in humans
5. study animals for their own sake

Front 15

ethics of research

Back 15

guidelines
governmental regulations
risk/ benefit ratio

Front 16

nerrvous system is composed of two kinds of cells:

Back 16

neurons and glia

Front 17

membrane

Back 17

bilipid layer
protein receptors embedded in membrane- transmembrane organization

Front 18

cytoplasm

Back 18

contains mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, golgi bodies, lysosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, nucleus

Front 19

structure of neurons

Back 19

cell body, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath, terminal buttons

Front 20

types of neurons

Back 20

sensory (afferent) into structure
motor (efferent) away structure
interneurons (smaller)

Front 21

glia cell types

Back 21

oligodendroglia (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)
microglia
astrocyte
radial glia

Front 22

glia cell functions

Back 22

support, nutritive, insulation, phagocytosis, myelination, guidewires for regrowth

Front 23

BBB structure

Back 23

endothelial cells tightly bunched, astrocytes

Front 24

BBB function

Back 24

protect brain from harmful substances

Front 25

BBB mechanisms of action

Back 25

small molecules pass freely but not large ones, fat soluble substances pass freely, active transport

Front 26

fuel for the brain

Back 26

oxygen, glucose, thiamine, ketones

Front 27

resting potential

Back 27

membrane potential

Front 28

nerve imulse

Back 28

action potential

Front 29

local potential

Back 29

graded potential or postsynaptic potential

Front 30

resting potential

Back 30

difference in voltage in a resting neuron

Front 31

sodium-potassium pump

Back 31

protein complex, repeatedly transports three soium ions out of cell while drawing two potassium out. requies energy

Front 32

depolarization

Back 32

decrease in membrane potential, decrease in negative value inside cell

Front 33

hyperpolarization

Back 33

increase in membrane potential, increase in negative value inside cell

Front 34

threshold

Back 34

stimulus intensity just sufficient to elicit a nerve impulse