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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 functions of sertoli cells
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1. support dev. of spermatocytes
2. form Blood-testes barrier via tight junctions 3. Secrete androgen binding protein and inhibin |
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how is testosterone made in males?
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GnRH released from hypothalmus causes release of LH from AP which goes to leydig cells and causes the leydig cells to secrete testosterone. The testosterone goes to sertoli cells for dev. of spermatocytes and stimulates spermatogenisis
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when is semen stored until ejaculation
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vas deferens
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In males what does FSH bind to? What does it cause?
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FSH binds to sertoli cells which stimulates spermatogenisis and secretion of inhibin and androgen binding protein
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what maintain erection?
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PS releases NO which causes relaxation of arteries through release of cGMP and fills corpora cavernosa w/blood causing erection. the veins are compressed and this maintains the erection
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when does mitosis of femal oogonia occur?
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only in fetal stage
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when does first meiotic division of oocyte occur to generate the secondary oocyte?
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just before ovulation
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when does the second meiotic divison of the oocyte occur?
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at fertilazation. after the second meiotic division the secondary oocyte becomes the ovum which has a single copy of the maternal chromosomes
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when are progesterone levels at their highest?
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during luteal phase
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describe the whole menstral cycle
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estrogen is lo so no neg feedback on LH and FSH so causes small increase in FSH/LH
rise in FSH causes proliferation of granulosa cells LH stimulates thecal cells to make androgens which go to the granulosa cells to make estrogen so estrogen increases dom. follicle ID and granulosa cells secretes inhibin and estrogen so decrease in FSH bc of inhibin increase in estrogen cause pos feedback so increases FSH and LH LH surge which causes follicle to make progesterone ovulation occurs CL forms and it makes estrogen and progesterone progesterone inhibits GnRH so decrease in LH and FSH and inhibin furter decreases FSH CL degenerates and lose estrogen and progesterone since no estrogen or progesterone LH and FSH rise again |
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what do thecal cells make?
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LH stimulates thecal cells to make androgens
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How is estrogen made?
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LH stimulates thecal cells which secretes androgens and the androgens go the granulosa cells to make estrogen
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What releases estrogen?
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granulosa cells
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what causes LH surge?
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large increase in estrogen
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When Estrogen increases, it causes a LH surge. Why does it not cause a FSH surge
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bc inhibin inhibits FSH
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What does LH surge cause?
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first meiotic division
ovulation |
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what does CL form from?
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theca and granulosa cells
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what does LH stimulate?
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progesterone production from CL
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3 phases of uterus
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proliferative
secretory menstral |
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what hormone controls proliferative phase of uterus?
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estrogen lasts 10 days
same time as follicular phase |
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Proliferative phase of the uterus
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estrogen causes growth and development of endometrium and myometrium
puts progesterone receptors on uterus bc need progesterone for secretory phase |
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when does secretory phase of uterus occur?
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between ovulation and onset of menstration
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hormone that causes secretory phase of uterus
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progesterone
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secretory phase of uterus
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do to progesterone
maturation of endometrial glands and BV stimulates glandular secretion inhibits myometrial contractions |
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what causes menstral phase of uterus
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fall of estrogen and progesterone cause prostaglandins which causes uterine contractions and vasoconstriction so the endometrium sloughs off
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female puberty
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10-12 yrs.
GnRH increase which cause sex steroid to increase secondary sex characteristic develop due to increased estrogen |
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Male puberty
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12-16 yrs old
first sign is increase in secretion of androgens from adrenal glands which cause increase in pubic and axillary hair and growth spurt increase in GnRH cuases increase in AP hormone and sex hormones from gonads testosterone causes secondary sex characteristics |
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menopuase
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due to lo number of ovarian follicles
ovaries dont respond to LH or FSH bc loss of folicles hypothalmus and AP function but GnRH are hi due to no feedback of estrogen(bc no follice) brain gets disorganized |
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how to treat menopause
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sex steroids
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