Phys Exam 2

Front 1

site of highest resistance to blood flow?

Back 1

arterioles. greatest decrease in pressure occurs here

Front 2

largest vein?

Back 2

IVC

Front 3

which vessels have largest cross sectional area?

Back 3

capillaries. but they don't have the highest volume, veins do

Front 4

TPR

Back 4

total peripheral resistance

Front 5

how does a change in viscosity affect turbulence?

Back 5

decreased visc. increase turb

Front 6

does an increased reynolds number mean more turbulent or more laminar?

Back 6

more turbulent. >3000 always turbulent, <2000 laminar

Front 7

where is pressure lowest in the system?

Back 7

vena cava

Front 8

what is pulse pressure?

Back 8

difference between systole and diastole

Front 9

incisuria

Back 9

dicrotic blip in systole. pressure change created by aortic valve closing

Front 10

how does arteriosclerosis affect pressures?

Back 10

systolic pressres, pulse pressure, MAP increase due to decreased radius/compliance

Front 11

how does aortic stenosis affect pressures?

Back 11

systolic, pulse, and MPA decrease. hardened aortic valve decreases SV

Front 12

what does SA node stimulate?

Back 12

av node, atria

Front 13

SA node rate

Back 13

60-100 BPM

Front 14

what accounts for the plateau phase in ventricular AP?

Back 14

Ca incurrent balances K outcurrent

Front 15

what drives SA node upstroke?

Back 15

Calcium

Front 16

which phase of SA node AP sets HR? which ion?

Back 16

phase 4. Na inward

Front 17

where is conduction velocity slowest?

Back 17

AV node

Front 18

where is conduction velocity fastest?

Back 18

purkinje fibers

Front 19

how are chronotropic affects managed?

Back 19

positive, increase HR by increasing rate of Na conductance in phase 4. stimulates adenylyl cyclase

negative lengthens phase 4 but decreasing sodium conductance and increasing potassium conductance

Front 20

where do chronotropic agents act?

Back 20

increase or decrease phase 4 of SA node

Front 21

where do dromotropic agents act?

Back 21

increase or decrease conduction velocity at the AV node, affecting PR interval

Front 22

what is heart block?

Back 22

disconnect between SA and AV node. AV node contracts on its own, becomes the pacemaker

Front 23

how to inotropic agents act?

Back 23

increasing/decreasing amount in inward Calcium at plateau phase.

Front 24

what is the U wave in EKG?

Back 24

papillary muscle depolarization

Front 25

preload

Back 25

volume of blood after diastole before ventricular contraction. equivalent to end distolic volume.

Front 26

afterload

Back 26

pressure heart has to overcome to eject blood. equal to pulmonary artery pressure in Right Ventricle, equal to aortic pressure in left ventricle

Front 27

frank-starling relationship

Back 27

increase in venous return (EDV) should mean an increase in CO/stroke volume

Front 28

Diastasis

Back 28

point of heart cycle between when passive filling of LV has slowed, but atria has not yet contracted. LONGEST PHASE OF CARDIAC CYCLE

Front 29

what is the longest phase of the cardiac cycle?

Back 29

diastasis

Front 30

S1

Back 30

at point 1. mitral valve closes. end of diastole

Front 31

S4

Back 31

atrial contraction. not normally heard

Front 32

S3

Back 32

turbulent ventricular filling. only heard in kids

Front 33

S2

Back 33

at point 3. end of systole. sound of aortic valve closing

Front 34

bradykinin effects on blood flow

Back 34

same as histamine!

Front 35

prostacyclin effect on blood flow

Back 35

vasodilator

Front 36

prostaglandin E effect on blood flow

Back 36

vasodilator

Front 37

Prostaglandin F effect on blood flow

Back 37

vasoconstrict

Front 38

thromboxane effect on blood flow

Back 38

vasoconstrict