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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S1
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closure of A-V valves
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S1 occurs
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beginning of systole
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S2
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closure of the aortic & pulmonary valves
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S2 occurs
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end of systole
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S3
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in-rushing of blood into the ventricles
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S3 occurs
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beginning of the middle third of diastole
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S3 is heard
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in children and young adults
adults > 40 w/ heart disease |
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S4
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atrial contraction and inflow of blood into the ventricles
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S4 occurs
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last third of diastole
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rheumatic fever
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autoimmune disease that damages heart valves
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bacteria that causes rheumatic fever
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Group A hemolytic streptococci (releases M antigen)
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stenotic valves
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leaflets adhere to one another
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causes a chronic increase in left atrial pressure
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aortic stenosis
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harsh-sounding murmur
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aortic stenosis
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"blowing" DIASTOLIC murmur
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aortic regurgitation (high pitch)
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how can mitral stenosis cause right ventricular failure?
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increased left atrial pressure increases pulmonary artery pressure, which makes right ventricle pump harder
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PDA
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high pressure in aorta forces blood from aorta into pulmonary artery (increases arterial blood oxygen sat.)
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murmur heard throughout systole and diastole
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PDA
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blowing or swishing SYSTOLIC murmur
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mitral regurgitation
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blowing murmur heard over the apex of the heart
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mitral regurgitation
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low rumbling DIASTOLIC murmur
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mitral stenosis
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why do mitral valve defects cause atrial fibrillation?
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left atrial enlargement increases the distance the electrical impulse must travel, which may cause circus movements
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VSD produces what a murmur during
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systole (therefore tetralogy of Fallot produces a systolic murmur since it has a VSD)
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tetralogy of Fallot causes hypertrophy of the
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right ventricle b/c it has to pump against the high pressure in the aorta
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