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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Planck Distribution Function |
the thermal average number of photons in a single mode of frequency.
= 1/(e^(h_bar w/tau)-1) |
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Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation
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radiant energy density is proportional to T^4.
U/V = pi^2/(15h_bar^3 c^3) * tau^4
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Planck radiation Law |
Gives the frequency distribution of thermal radiation
u = h_bar / (pi^2c^3) w^3/(e^(h_barw/tau) - 1)
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Kirchhoffs Law |
absoptivity = emissivity |
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Debye temperature |
The highest temperature that can be achieved due to a single normal vibration |
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Debye T^3 LAw |
shows heat capacity vs temperature accurately even at low levels of heat unlike Einstein model. |
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chemical potential |
Governs the flow of particles between systems, just as temperature governs flow of energy
D[dF/dN]
AKA Fermi Level |
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diffusive equilibrium |
chemical potential is equal in both |
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Internal chemical energy vs external chemical energy |
external: mechanical, electrical, magnetic, gravitational, etc.
internal: chemical potential that's there no matter what |
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Gibbs sum |
add all N for all states[e^((bsolaNu-e)/tau)] |
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absolute activity |
lambda = e^(u/tau) = n/n_Q |
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orbital |
state of the Schrodinger equation for only one particle |
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fermion and boson |
fermion: any particle with half-integral spin
boson: any particle with integral spin |
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Pauli exclusion principle |
boson: any amount can occupy a orbital
fermion: 0 or 1 fermions can occupy an orbital |
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classical regime |
when f << 1 and the boson and fermion distributions are similiar |
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f(E) |
f is thermal average number of particles in an orbital of energy E |
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Fermi energy |
energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature. |
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Fermi-Dirac distribution |
The probability that a particle will have energy E. At low temperatures, all particles below fermi energy are basially 100% probability and all above fermi is basically 0%. This changes as it becomes hotter. |
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Bose-Einstein distribution |
the probability that a boson will have energy E. Basically bosons can have as many of them in the same orbital as they want. |
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gas classical regime |
average number of atoms in each orbital is << 1 |
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ideal gas |
a system of free non-interacting particles in the classical regime |
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reversible isothermal process |
is a process that can be "reversed" by means of infinitesimal changes in some property of the system without entropy production |
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isentropi or adiabatic process |
no change in entropy, no heat transfer
tau V^y-1 tau ^(y/(1-y))p p V^y
W=1/(y-1) [p1V1-p2V2] |
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isothermal process |
Temperature 'T' is the same |
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isochoric process |
Volume is held constant |
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isobaric process |
Pressure is held constant |
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ideal gas constants for spinless
chemical potential Free energy pressure |
mu = tau*log(n/n_Q) F = N*tau*[log(n/n_Q) - 1] p = N*tau/V |
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quantum gas |
n >= n_Q which means the difference between bosons and fermions is huge.
hence quantum gas. |
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degenerate gas |
gas is below tau_0 making ??? |
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Fermi gas |
ensemble of many fermions in gas form obeying FD equation |
