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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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equation for percent error |
P = lA-Ml / A x 100% |
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equation for percent difference |
D = lM1 - M2l / (1/2)(M1 + M2) x100% |
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Law of reflection |
theta i = theta r |
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General results for reflection of plane mirror |
do = di Image is always upright, virtual, and same size as object |
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snell's law |
n1 sin(theta1) = n2 sin (theta2) |
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Total internal reflection occurs when |
theta 1 > theta c hi to lo index of refraction light bends TOWARD normal |
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formula for critical angle (occurs when theta2 = 90deg) |
Theta C = sin -1(low/high) |
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In converging lenses, light bends so it |
passes through focal point |
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distance between lens and focal point |
focal length |
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in diverging lenses, light bends |
away from focal point |
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thin lens equation |
1/f = 1/do + 1/di |
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magnification equation |
M = -di/do = hi/ho |
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object and image distances are measured from the |
lens |
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object and image height is measured from |
principle axis (normal line) |
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f is ____ for converging lenses |
positive |
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f is ____ for diverting lenses |
negative |
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do is ____ if object is located to left of lens |
positive (real) |
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do is ___ if object is located to right of lens |
negative (virtual) |
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di is _____ if image is located to right of lens |
positive |
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di is _____ if image is located to left of lens |
negative |
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ho and hi are ____ if above principal axis |
positive |
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ho and hi are ____ if below principal axis |
negative |
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If do and di have same sign (on opposite sides of lens) then the image is |
real |
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if do and di have different signs (on same sides of lens) then image is |
virtual |
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if M>1, then image is |
enlarged and upright |
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if 0 |
reduced and upright |
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if -1 |
reduced and inverted |
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if M<-1 then image is |
reduced and inverted |
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in order to form reduced image w/ converging lens, condition ____ must be met |
do > 2f |
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in order to form enlarged image with converging lens, condition ____ must be met |
f < do < 2f |
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total magnification for 2 lenses |
M = m1xm2 |
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single slit equation for minimas |
Wsin(theta) = m lambda --> this is for minimas |
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single slit equation for maximas |
Wsin(theta) = (m+1/2) lambda |
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y (or x in packet) |
distance from central max to mth dark fringe |
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L |
slit to screen distance |
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W (a in packet) |
slit width |
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m |
dark fringe order |
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what will happen to diffraction angle if slit width is decreased? |
theta increases |
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what happens if theta is increased? (y = L tan(theta)) |
Y increases --> more spread out |
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double slit pattern equation for bright fringes |
dsin(theta)= m lambda |
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double slit pattern for dark fringes |
dsin(theta) = (m-1/2)lambda |
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d |
slit separation |
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how to calculate missing maxima |
every d/a ( d/w) will be missing |
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what will happen to diffraction angle is wavelength is increased? |
theta increases |
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slit separation for diffraction grating equation |
d = 1/N (N = number of lines/length) |
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ohm's law |
V = IR |
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junction/node/current rule |
sum of all currents in node is zero; currents coming into node = currents going out of node |
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loop rule |
for any closed loop in circuit sum of all potential differences across every element in loop is zero |
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battery rule |
whatever terminal you cross second, that determines sign of V |
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if you move in the same direction as current (I), then V…. |
you lose V (- value) |
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B = u0NI/2a what is a? |
a = r= radius |
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RHR: fingers go in direction of _____, while thumb in direction of ____ |
fingers --> I thumb --> B |
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define electric field |
electric field is force per charge at given location (E = F/q) (E is vector so magnitude and direction matter) |
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electric field equation at point distance |
E = q/(4)(pi)(E0)(r^2) x r vector |
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define equipotential lines |
lines that represent the same electric potential of point charge at that position (scalar magnitude) |
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where are the higher potentials located, and where are the lower potentials located? |
higher = closer to + charge lower = closer to - charge |
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how do you deduce an electric field line from an equipotential line? |
electric field runs + --> - (hi to lo potential); electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotentials |
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electric potential ____ as one moves in direction of electric field |
decreases |
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what direction do electric field lines point? |
high potential to low potential (+ --> -) |
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with the pencil experiment, know that the image is |
virtual, upright, same size |
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when considering snell's law, why do we ignore curved side of prism in calculations, and only consider flat side in calculations? |
light isn't refracted from curved side of prism in total internal reflection (theta1 > theta c) flat side is only where refraction occurs |
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why do we use percent error in the snell's law/total internal reflection lab instead of percent difference? |
we were given an actual/theoretical value to compare our own, as well as to adjust for "human error" that may have occurred |
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what is always the condition for image produced by concave (diverging) lens? |
reduced, virtual, upright f is negative |
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light spectrum |
red-orange-yellow-green-blue-indigo-violet 700nm 600 nm 500 nm 400 nm
(decreasing lambda, increasing frequency/energy) |
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graphing V = IR to find value of R |
X axis = current Y axis = voltage
R = V/I (slope) |
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what are 2 possible sources of error you came across during magnetic field lab? |
-not positioning coil as far away from DC supply and AC power lines (not avoiding stray magnetic fields) -not positioning coil on axis along current direction before turning on power -moving apparatus during procedure b/c Be (vector) depends somewhat on position -connect battery in wrong way, opposing current -connecting ammeter wrong way (may damage ammeter and skew results) |
