Phylum Chordata - Cl Amphibia

Front 1

what were the problems associated with moving onto land?

Back 1

- obtaining and conserving water
-obtaining o2 from air
- gravity and it's effect on blood circulation and body structures
-variations in temperature and inability to acclimatise
-lack of watery environment for embryonic development

Front 2

what were the pre-adaptations of the devonian fishes to move onto land

Back 2

-changes to blood circulation (heart, lungs, heart, body)
-strong limbs and muscles to support body (pelvic and pectoral girdles)
-behavioural and pysiological changes n order to adapt to environmental changes
-"lungs"
-well developed kidneys (regulate water and salt levels)

Front 3

what are the 3 orders of class amphibia

Back 3

gymophiona -Caecillians
anura - frogs
caudata - salamanders and newts

Front 4

why would tetrapods move onto land?

Back 4

-very unstable envirnonmental conditions. i.e droughts
- no predators. insect and plant abundance

Front 5

what are the characteristics of the class amphibia?

Back 5

-bony skeleton
-reduced rib cage
- moist skin
-problem of dessicaition (water passes through skin as if it's not even there)
-limbs reduced or absent
-many glads (produce bacteriacides, waxy and oily substances and fungicides to prevent dessication)
-many toxic

Front 6

what are the digestive glands used within the class amphibia

Back 6

pancreas and liver

Front 7

describe the respiration and circulation in the class amphibia

Back 7

respiration through the use of lungs, gills and skin surface via diffusion.
3 chambered heart

Front 8

describe the organs used for excretion in class amphibia

Back 8

paired mesonephric kidneys

Front 9

describe reproduction in class amphibia

Back 9

-diecious
-internal fertilisation in order caudata and gymophiona
external in anura
-larval forms
-oviporous

Front 10

in cl amphibia what are the 2 types of fertilisation and what do each signify re parental care

Back 10

itnernal fertilisation -> female parental care
external fertilisation -> male parental care

Front 11

are amphibians ectothermic, endothermic or cold blooded?

Back 11

ectothermic. control temperature behaviourally ie-(avoidance)

Front 12

order gymophiona - characteristics

Back 12

-no limbs
-many are blind
-female parental care, internal fert
-vivporous or oviporous

Front 13

order caudata - characteristics
(life cycles i.e larval and adult types)

Back 13

-internal fertilisation
-male has no copulatory organs (encourages female to sit on sperm)
-most aquatic larva and terrestrial adults
-some aquatic larva and adult
-some paedomorphisis
-some fully terrestrial (eggs hatch, direct developement)

Front 14

in order anura what bones are fused?

Back 14

tibia and fibula
radius, and ulna
ankle bones.

Front 15

describe reproduction in the class anura

Back 15

external fertilisation
eggs generally laid into water
may build nests or create foam nests in water

Front 16

describe the larval characteristics in a tadpole and the changes into adult

Back 16

-detritivores/herbivores
-external gills change to internal gills in adult
-metamorphisis
- the lungs develope and the gills are reabsorbed
-mouth and intestines change
-limbs develop (hind first) and tail disappears