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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Phylum Arthropoda:
General Characteristics (9) Circulation, digestion, and respiration |
- largest phylum
- means "jointed foot" - jointed appendages - three body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen - exoskeleton made of chitin - open circulatory system with hemocoel - complete digestive system; modified mouth parts - respiration by body surface, gills, trachea, and book lungs - internal fertilization with dioecious sexes |
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Reasons for Great Diversity and Abundance in this Phylum: (7)
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1. Exoskeleton; protection, muscles attached to skeleton
- structure and support - disadvantage is molting because the organism is vulnerable 2. Segmentation and appendages for mor efficient locomotion 3. Effecient respiratory system (hold breath with trachea) 4. Highly developed sense organs 6. Reduced competition through metamorphosis 7. Increased reproduction capability |
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Subphylum Trilobita: (7)
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- first known Arthropods
- fossilized - extinct for up to 200 million years - trilobed body shape - benthic - scavengers - rolled up like pill bugs |
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Subphylum Chelicerata: (6)
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- includes horseshoe crabs, spies, ticks, mites, and scorpions
- cephalothorax: fused head and thorax - 1st pair of appendages called chelicerae - 2nd pair of appendages called pedipalps - no antennae or mandibles - most suck liquid food from prey Contains what classes? |
- Merostomata
- Arachnida |
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Class Merastomata: (8)
Subphylum? |
- Chelicerata
- horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) - live in shallow, costal water - carapace: hard dorsal shell - telson: spine-like tail piece used for movement and turning over - book gills for respiration - feed on worms and small small mollusks - blue blood: they have copper in their blood instead of iron ( used to test medicine for bacterial contaminants) - compound eyes (tiny lenses, low resolution, blurry, only see movement) |
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Class Arachnida: (1)
Subphylum? |
- Chelicerata
- includes spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, mites, and scorpions |
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Spiders: (7)
Class? |
- Arachnida
- 8 simple eyes - pedipalps modified to manipulate food - chelicerae modified into fangs - 8 legs - 2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen) - respiration by book lungs - excretion by malpighian tubules |
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Examples of Arachnida:
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- black widow: pretty, black, with red hourglass on abdomen
not as deadly as people think - brown recluse: like to be indoors, brown, venom destroys tissue (eats) fiddle shaped dark spot on back |
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Ticks and Mites:
Subphylum? (3) |
- cephalothorax completely fused with abdomen
- capitulum: anterior projection of mouth - ticks are larger than mites - some carry disease: ticks>lyme - chiggers ( "red bugs" ) type of mite - mange is caused by mites in dogs |
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Scorpions:
Subphylum? |
- Chelicerata
- claws and poison stinger on tail - carry their young on their back until the young molt - glow in the dark |
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Subphylum Crustacea: (5)
Includes? |
- includes lobster, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles, crabs, krill, and pill bugs (terrestrial)
- crabs are larger crustaceans - 2 pair of antennae - gills for respiration - biramous appendages (2 branches) - mandibles present |
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Crayfish and Lobster Modification:
Digestion |
- Crustacea
- maxillipeds - chelipeds - swimmerets - uropods Telson - 2-part stomach and ommatida (many tapering units of compound eyes) |
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Subphylum Myriapoda:
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- many footed
- contains to classes ? |
1. Chilopoda (centipedes)
2. Diplopoda (millipedes) |
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Class Chilopoda:
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- centipedes
- "100 leged worms" (not worms!) - 1 pair of legs per segment - predator - poison claw - flattened body |
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Class Diplopoda:
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- millipedes
- "1,000 legged worms" - 2 pair of legs per segment - scavengers - rounded body - have musk gland for defense |
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Class Insecta: (7)
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- 1 million species (largest phylum)
- 3 pairs of legs (6) - 3 body parts - 2 pairs of wings - flies have only one pair - termites and ants don't have wings - lice and fleas never have wings |
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Why are insects so successful?
(4) |
- ability to fly (only invertebrate that can)
- highly adaptable nature - diapause: dormant resting stage - small size - in cased reproductive ability |
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External Features of Insects:
(6) mouth |
- head thorax and abdomen
- mandibles and maxillae - labrum: upper lip - labium: lower lip - hypopharnyx: tongue-like structure - type of mouth parts determine feeding habits |
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Feeding Habits of Insects:
(5) |
- phytophagous: feed on plant tissues and juices (aphids)
-saprophagous: live on dead animals (maggots) - predaceous: catch and eat other insects and animals - parasitic: live on or in host (fleas suck blood) - hyperparasitism: parasitic insects are parasitized by other insects |
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Mouthparts in Insects:
(3) |
1. Biting and chewing (grasshopper)
2. Sucking (flies and butterflies) 3. Piercing (mosquito and horseflies) |
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Gas Exchange in Insects:
(3) |
- tracheal system: network of thin-walled tubes
- spiracles: external opening of trachea - malpighian tubules: cycle water and salts (excretion) |
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Sense Organs in Insects:
(4) |
- compound eye with ommatidia (different lenses)
- sensilla: sensitive hairlike structures that detect sound - chemoreceptive sensilla: abundant on antennae, mouthparts or legs (moths) - pheromones: chemical signals |
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InsectReproduction:
(5) |
- separate sexes
- internal fertilization - mate once in a lifetime - lay large numbers of eggs - different ways of attracting mates |
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Types of Metamorphosis:
Stage of insect between molts: Kinds? |
Instar: each stage of insect between molts
- complete - incomplete - direct |
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Complete Metamorphosis:
Other name? |
- holometabolous
- no competition between stages - 4 stages: egg, larvae, pupa, adult Ex: |
Butterfly, lady bird beetle
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Incomplete Metamorphosis:
Other name? |
- hemimetabolous
- competition between young and adult - 3 stages Nymph: young are miniature adult -can't reproduce; no wings |
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Incomplete Metamorphosis:
Other name? |
- hemimetabolous
- competition between young and adult - 3 stages: egg nymph adult Nymph, young are li,e miniature adults -can't reproduce, no wings Ex: |
Grasshoppers, chads, mantids, roaches, stink bugs, dragon flies
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Direct Metamorphosis:
Other name? |
- ametabolous
- wingless insects - 3 stages: egg, juvenile, adult - difference in size and sexual maturity Ex: |
Silverfish and springtails
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Behavior and Communication Signals in Insects:
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1. Chemical signals: sex attractans, trail markers, alarm signals, territorial markers (pheromones: minute quantities needed)
2. Auditory: serves as warning devices, courtship; crickets, Mosquitos, cicadas (bumbler beetle) 3. Visual: usually a form of bioluminescence (fireflies: aggressive mimicry) 4. Tactile: touch by tapping, stroking, and grasping (antennae) |
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Forensic Entomology
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Larvae, bugs in dead people
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