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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some defining characteristics of the Kingdom Protista.
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-most are heterotrophic except Phylums Euglenophyta and Dinophyta
-nicellular or colonial |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Phylum Euglenophyta?
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-has chloroplasts with 3 surrounding membranes
-biflagellate (heterokont) with non-tubular mastigonemes -lacks a true cell wall, or is limited to resting cysts and spores -many are non photosynthetic, SAPROTROPHIC, or PHAGOTROPHIC -main food reserve are PARAMYLON BODIES -chromosomes remain condensed through interphase -sexual reproduction is not known and asexual reproduction is by means of cell cleavage |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Phylum Dinophyta?
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-has chloroplasts with 3 surrounding membranes
-biflagellate (heterokont) with non-tubular mastigonemes -lacks a true cell wall, or is limited to resting cysts and spores -mostly marine plankton -responsible for red tides -has chlorophyll 'c2' -has normal starch as food reserves -has a goofy way of division... -MESOKARYOTIC: chromosomes are similar to those of prokaryotes although they occur within nuclei |
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What are some defining characteristics of the Kingdom CHROMISTA?
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-heterokont flagella with tubular mastigonemes on one flagellum
-laterally inserted flagella -photosynthetic -chloroplasts have chlorophyll 'c1' and 'c2' -thylakoids are stacked in 3's and have 4 surrounding membranes -no starch, instead has STORAGE CARBOHYDRATES WITH B-1:3 LINKAGE |
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What are some defining characteristics of the Phylum BACILLARIOPHYTA?
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-AKA Diatoms
-big time primary producers -golden brown color because of the carotenoid pigment FUCOXANTHIN -classified based on silica walls -grouped into CENTRIC & PENNATE diatoms -a compound structure consisting of a flat plate called a VALVE attached to a marginal band -because they have rigid cell walls, each daughter protoplast is smaller than the parent (takes the hypotheca, and uses that as the epitheca). The situation is saved by sexual reproduction -sporophyte dominant |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Phylum XANTHOPHYTA
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-AKA Yellow-green algae
-color is due to the presence of yellow carotenes rather than the brown fucoxanthin of the diatoms -sexual reproduction is OOGAMOUS, the oogonia and antheridia occur adjacent to each other on very short side branches -ANTHEROZOIDS are biflagellate and heterokont, one flagellum of the tinsel type, the over whiplash ***Eg: Vaucheria, a coenocytic filament*** |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Phylum PHAEOPHYTA?
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-AKA Brown algae
-largest of all algae -have either ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS or SPOROPHYTE DOMINANT LIFE CYCLES -cell wall has a large proportion of pectin, and a bunch of other things that makes it feel slimy -chloroplasts are disc shaped -has chloroplasts 'c1' and 'c2' with fucoxanthin (brown color) -main food reserve is Laminarin -motile cells have laterally attached heterokont flagella -heterotrichous -distinguished from eachother by the sporangia and gametangia |
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Go over the life cycle of Ectocarpus.
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-alternation of isomorphic generations
-haploid gametophyte generation producs PLURILOCULAR GAMETANGIA -each cell releases a single, biflagellate gamete -gametes fuse to gve the diploid zygote which germinates into a sporophytic plant -sporophyte produces UNILOCULAR SPORANGIA -meiosis occurs in unilocular sporangia **both reproductive structures can reproduce asexually** |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Order Laminariales.
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-AKA Kelps
-coastal algae -have anisomorphic alternation of generations with a filamentous gametophyte generation -have a CYLINDRICAL STALK (STIPE), a flattened, often divided frond (LAMINA) and a HOLDFAST |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Order Fucales
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-AKA Wracks
-grows by mean of an apical cell -dichotomous branching of the thallus -many spps have PNEUMATOCYSTS, air bladders which control buoyancy -apices are bloated RECEPTACLES, having several CONCEPTICLES on them -CONCEPTICLES bear the gametes -thallus is the sporophyte -sporophyte dominant |
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Go over the life cycle of Fucus
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-uninlocular sporangia occur in the conceptacles with sterile hairs (PARAPHYSES)
-meiosis takes place in these sporangia to produce haploid meiospores... but doesn't get released from the conceptacle -spores undero mitotic division to form the gametes -this means that the gametophyte generation is so reduced that, technically, the meiospores themselves are the gametangia -sporangia are better referred to as MICROSPORANGIA and MEGASPORANGIA |
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What are the 5 evolutionary trends in gross morphology of algal phyla.
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1) unicellular -> colonial types or unbranched filament -> branched filament -> heterotrichous filaments or parenchymatous structures
2)gametophyte dominant -> isomorphic alternation of generations -> anisomorphic alternation of generations -> sporophyte dominant life cycle 3)undifferentiated -> differenctiated gametangia and sporangia 4)isogamy -> anisogamy -> oogamy 5)diffuse -> intercalary -> apical growth |
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Classify and draw Euglena
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Euglenophyta G-Euglena Did you get: -chloroplast -eyespot -reservoir -paramylon body -flagellum -contractile vacuole -cell membrane |
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Classify and draw Trachelomonas
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Euglenophyta G-Trachelomonas Did you get: -lorica with spines -flagellum -eyespot -chloroplast -nucleus |
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Classify and draw Ceratium
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Dinophyta G-Ceratium Did you get: -theca -pores -horn -corona of spines -girdle -sulcal aperture -suture between plates of theca |
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Classify and draw Peridinium
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Dinophyta G-Peridinium Did you get: -theca -transverse groove -thecal plates |
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Classify Ornithoceros
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Dinophyta G-Ornithoceros |
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Classify Pyrocystis
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D-Eukarya
K-Protista P-Dinophyta G-Pyrocystis |
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Classify and draw Synedra
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) G-Synedra Did you get: -epitheca -hypotheca -valve -girdle band -pores |
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Classify and draw Triceratium
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) G-Triceratium Did you get: -epitheca -hypotheca -girdle -pores |
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Classify and draw Cymbella
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) G-Cymbella Did you get: -raphe -central nodule -polar nodule -pores |
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Classify and draw Vaucheria
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Xanthophyta (yellow-green) G-Vaucheria Did you get: -coenocytic filament -chloroplast -nuclei -antheridium -oogonium -oospore (zygospore) |
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Classify and draw Ectocarpus
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) O-Ectocarpales G-Ectocarpus Did you get: -branching pattern -filament -vegetative cell -chloroplast -cell wall -nucleus -cytoplasm -plurilocular sporangium -unilocular sporangium -plurilocular gametangium |
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Classify and draw Laminaria
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) O-Laminariales (Kelps) G-Laminaria Did you get: -blade -stipe -holdfast -sorus -unilocular sporangium -unilocular sporangium -plurilocular gametangium |
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Classify and draw Fucus
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D-Eukarya
K-Chromista P-Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) O-Fucales (Wracks) G-Fucus Did you get: -frond -dichotomous branching -receptacle -ostiole -conceptacle -pneumatocyst -megasporangium -megaspore -egg -paraphysis -microsporangium |
