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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some defining characterisitics to the class Ulvophyceae?
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-symmetric
-motile cells with anterior flagella -motile cells are either naked or possess scales in place of the theca -cell division is by membrane furrowing (no phycoplast) -nuclear division is characterized by a persistent rather than a collapsing spindle -marine, therefore lack an overwintering zygote (b/c marine environments are more stable) -life cycle is an alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid generations |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Genus Ulothrix?
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-cells possess a collar shaped (not full ring), parietal chloroplast around the lateral walls of each cell
-unbranched filament |
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How does Ulothrix reproduce?
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Sexual Reproduction
-by means of biflagellate gametes from different but isomorphic thalli and is isogamous -zygote germinates to produce APLANOSPORES from which gametophytic plants develope Asexual Reproduction -haploid filaments also produce mitospores of 3 types: 1)large, quadriflagellate zoospores 2)small, biflagellate zoospores 3)aplanospores |
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What are some defining characteristics of the Genus Ulva?
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-cell division is in 2-D therefore get leafy plants
-each cell further divides once in a third dimension to get a 2 layered leaf like thallus -marine -posesses an alternation of isomorphic generations |
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What are some defining characteristics of the Genus Cladophora?
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-cells may divide longitudinally periodically, resulting in a branched filament
-multinucleate -sporangia are limited to terminal cells of branch filaments -growth of the filaments is by division of an apical cell -cell walls are thick and rough to the touch (b/c of parrallel layers of cellulose) |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Genus Pithophora
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**This was only available as demo shit, don't worry**
-closely related to Cladophora -has AKINETES at regular intervals |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Genus Caulerpa
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-AKA the 'Ultimate Seaweed'
-each frond is up to 90cm long!!! -up to 200 fronds growing from a basal runner ~ 3m long -the whole structure is a single, multinucleate cell |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Class Charophyceae?
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-thought to be the class from which terrestrial plants evolved
-cell division is by means of PHRAGMOPLAST -lateral position of the flagella; however, there is also a tendency to the loss of centrioles and, therefore, the loss of flagella -persistent nuclear spindle -presence of scales on some motile cells -gametophyte dominant life cycle |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Order Zygenmatales?
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-COMPLETE absence of flagellated cells
-lacks centrioles -can be subdivided into 2 groups: 1)unbranched filaments; 2)unicellular forms |
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Of the Order Zygenmatales, what are some defining characteristics to the Unbranched Filaments group?
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-common in stagnant water
-free floating rather than attached to substrate -different genera distinguished primarily by CHLOROPLAST MORPHOLOGY (eg: Spirogyra vs. Mougeotia vs. Zygnema) |
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How do Spirogyra reproduce?
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Asexual Reproduction
-Vegetative reproduction --fragmentation is rather specialized and is the reason for the filaments are free floating rather than attached --involves the breakdown by enzymes of the pectic 'middle lamella' which holds adjacent cells in the filaments together -also happens by means of non motiles spores, kinda like akinetes --cell protoplast becomes round and then secretes a thick wall, resulting spore looks like a zygote Sexual Reproduction -by CONJUGATION, fusion of isogamous, amoeboid gametes -2 types of conjugation: 1)Scalariform: b/w cells of diff filaments 2)Lateral: b/w cells of same filament **cells produce papillae, which grow to eet eachother, now called a CONJUGATION TUBE** |
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Of the Order Zygenmatales, what are some defining characteristics to the Unicellular Forms group?
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-AKA Desmids
-unicellular desmids have cell walls made up or 2 identical halves -each half is referred to as a SEMI-CELL -the 2 semi cells are joined by a narrow ISTHMUS -most common in nutrient poor, acidic water -also reproduce via CONJUGATION (joined papillae) -eg: Micrasterias, Closterium |
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Define Isthmus
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-the narrow connection between the semi cells of a desmid
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What are some defining characteristics to the Order Charales?
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-AKA Stoneworts
-complex vegetative growth and type of sexual reproduction -possess apical growth and differentiation of the plant body into short nodes and elongate internodes, each a single single cell in length -reproduction is oogamous -gametaniga surrounded by sterile cells -male gamete is highly asymmetric -motile cells are covered in scales -cell division by means of PHRAGMOPLAST -no asexual reproduction!!! -form underwater meadoes in shallow lakes and onds -individual plants grow to 2 feet in length or more -plants become heavily calcified (hence Stoneworts) |
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What are some defining characteristics to the Order Coleochaetales?
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-these guys are most likely ancestors to terrestrial plants of the Class Charophyceae
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Classify and draw Ulothrix.
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Ulvophyceae O-Ulotrichales G-Ulothrix Did you get: -filament -vegetative cell -cell wall -chloroplast (incomplete collar) -pyrenoid -spore |
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Classify and draw Ulva.
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Ulvophyceae O-Ulvales G-Ulva Did you get: -vegatative thallus -2 layers thick |
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Classify and draw Cladophora.
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Ulvophyceae O-Cladophorales G-Cladophora Did you get: -filament -branch -vegetative cell -thick cell wall (has chitin) |
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Classify Enteromorpha.
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Ulvophyceae O-Ulvales G-Enteromorpha |
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Classify and draw Spirogyra
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Zygnematales G-Spirogyra Did you get: -vegetative filament --filament --vegetative cell --spiral chloroplast --pyrenoid --nucleus --cytoplasm --vacuole --cell wall --gelatinous sheath -Conjugating filamnts --filament --cell wall --conjugation tube --gamete (amoeboid) --zygote --zygospore |
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Classify and draw Zygnema
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Zygnemales G-Zygnema Did you get: -filament -vegetative cell -stellate chloroplast -nucleus -pyrenoid -cell wall |
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Classify and draw Closterium
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Zygnematales G-Closterium Did you get: -vegetative cell -cell wall -chloroplast -nucleus -refractile vacuole -pyrenoid -semi cell |
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Classify and draw Micrasterias
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Zygnematales G-Micrasterias Did you get: -semi cell -isthmus -cell wall -chloroplast -pyrenoid -nucleus |
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Classify and draw Chara
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Charales G-Chara Did you get: -internode -node -whorls of branches -antheridium, sterile/shield cells -oogonium, cover/tube cells -crown cells |
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Classify Nitella
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Charales G-Nitella |
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Classify Coleochaete
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D-Eukarya
K-Plantae P-Chlorophyta C-Charophyceae O-Coleochaetales G-Coleochaete |
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Write out the life cycle of Spirogyra.
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-too lazy to write, just check your lab shit
-xerox: P3-6 **recall diff between scalariform and lateral reproduction** |
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Write out the life cycle of Ulva.
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-too lazy to write, just check your lab shit
-xerox: P3-3 |
