Phth638 02.2 Pierson Ch 02 Approaches To Infection Control

Front 1

AIDS

Back 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by human immunodeficiency virus

Front 2

asepsis

Back 2

absence of disease causing agents
preventing infection through sterility

Front 3

contamination

Back 3

when something is rendered nonsterile or unclean

Front 4

decontamination

Back 4

using physical or chemical means to make blood-borne pathogens safe to dispose of

Front 5

disinfection

Back 5

destruction or removal of pathogenic organisms

Front 6

health care-associated infection

Back 6

aka nosocomial infection

Front 7

PPE

Back 7

personal protective equipment

barriers, respirators and other equipment used to protect

Front 8

sepsis

Back 8

presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in blood or tissue

Front 9

spore

Back 9

capsule formed by some bacteria

Front 10

nosocomial stats

Back 10

1:20 hospital patients
4th leading cause of death

Front 11

standard precautions

Back 11

treat all blood, body fluids, excretions (except sweat), secretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as containing transmissible infectious agents

Front 12

5 elements of infection cycle

Back 12

reservoir: locus of growth & reproduction

exit: must be able to leave reservoir

transmission: airborne, droplets, direct contact, fomites, fecal-oral route

infection: enter into another person

susception: newly infected person must be susceptible

Front 13

common sterilization tactics

Back 13

light, cool, dry, or extremely hot environment

sporulation more difficult to eradicate

Front 14

medical v surgical asepsis

Back 14

objectives
confine pathogens v prevent contamination of patient or sterile field

equipment & supplies
clean materials v disinfected or sterilized materials

reservoir
self v other people & environment

caregiver instruction & PPE
handwashing & PPE as appropriate v surgical scrub, sterile PPE, shields, more coverage

goal
confine the pathogens v reduce spread to patient

Front 15

infection control

Back 15

standard precautions
to protect workers & pts in health care settings

transmission-based precautions
protect caregiver from pts w/ highly transmissible pathogens that spread easily
stricter than standard

Front 16

hand hygeine

Back 16

before & after pt contact
before & after contact w/: wounds, dressings, specimens, bed linen, PPE
after contact w/ secretions or excretions
before & after toileting
after sneeze, cough, nose blow
after removing gloves
before & after eating

Front 17

hand rubbing

Back 17

use alcohol--based waterless antiseptic
use enough, rub for 30 s or until dry

less time
more effective than soap & water
more accessible
reduces bacterial counts
less damaging to washer

Front 18

isolation precautions for contact

Back 18

MRSA, VISA, VRE, gram -, c. difficile, lice, scabies, impetigo
private room or same cohort w/ dedicated in-room equipment
use gloves & gown
minimize transport

Front 19

isolation precautions for droplet

Back 19

mumps, rubella, n. meningitidis, strep A
private room
use mask w/in 3 feet, no gown or gloves needed
minimize transport, mask pt when transporting

Front 20

isolation precautions for airborne

Back 20

measles, TB
private room w/ neg pressure
use dust/mist mask, gown & gloves not needed
minimize transport, mask pt when transporting

Front 21

isolation precautions for airborne + contact

Back 21

chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster in immunocompromised hosts, smallpox

private room w/ neg pressure
use dust/mist mask, gown, gloves
minimize transport, mask pt when transporting

Front 22

handwashing for medical asepsis

Back 22

wet hands & wrists w/ hands pointing down, don't touch sink

apply soap, rub vigorously in prescribed pattern for at least 30 s

rinse thoroughly, but not proximal to washed area

dry hands w/ disposable paper towel

use another towel to turn off the faucet

Front 23

handwashing for surgical asepsis

Back 23

wet hands & forearms to 3" above elbow

apply soap or detergent, scrub in prescribed manner
takes ~7 min

rinse from distal to proximal

dry using sterile towel or air dyer

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contact route

Back 24

transfer is

direct: host:host

indirect: through object, equipment, surface, etc

Front 25

droplet route

Back 25

direct or indirect via droplets from respiratory tract

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airborne route

Back 26

microorgs transferred by small infecitous particles

Front 27

sterile field

Back 27

defines an area in which everything is kept sterile

know whether items are sterile
keep sterile separate from nonsterile
ID contamination right away (touch of sterile object to nonsterile object)

Front 28

maintenance of sterile field

Back 28

don't talk, sneeze, cough, or reach across it
don't turn back
do not allow contamination
never leave it unattended
1" DMZ around field
sterile protective clothing refers to gloves, front of gown above waist, gown sleeves
keep sterile end of something higher than nonsterile end
field & its environs should be dry
keep treatment area clean

plan carefully to arrange objects such that instruments used first are closest, i.e. minimize reaching across

Front 29

gloves

Back 29

use correct size, ask about latex allergy
avoid contact w/ outside

worn routinely w/ body fluid exposure

Front 30

gowns

Back 30

protects clothing & traps pathogens from clothing w/in the gown

Front 31

masks

Back 31

reduce airborne pathogen spread in both directions

Front 32

protective eyewear

Back 32

googles, face shield, safety glasses

important if blood splashes anticipated

Front 33

garment application & removal

Back 33

application more important w/ protective isolation
removal more important w/ caregiver protection

Front 34

disposal of instruments & clothing

Back 34

as appropriate for institution

make sure things go into the right bins & are labeled appropriately

handle soiled linens as little as possible & w/ minimal movement

Front 35

sterilization

Back 35

to destroy all types of microbes, including spores

steam under pressure
ethylene oxide
dry heat
EPA approved chemical sterilant (heat preferred)

Front 36

disinfection

Back 36

to destroy all types of microbes, except spores

hot water pasteurization
sterilant

intermediate-level
targets most viruses, most fungi, vegetative bacteria, T

low-level
most bacteria, some viruses, some fungi, no TB, no spores

Front 37

decontamination

Back 37

to remove, inactivate, destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item such that they can't transmit infectious particles & item or surface is rendered safe for use, handling, disposal