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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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orthopedist
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physicians who treat (surgically & medically) bone & joint diseases
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rheumatologist
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physician (nonsurgical) who specialize in joint problems
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PT goals
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restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain
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chiropractor
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specialized training to manipulate spinal column, joints, soft tissues
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MD vs DO
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medical v osteopathic
osteopathic has add'l training in musculoskeletal & body mechanics to promote health |
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metaphysis
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flared portion between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate
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Common bony processes
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protrusions that serve as attachment sites for muscles & tendons
bone head greater & lesser trochanter tubercle tuberosity condyle |
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Common bony hollows
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serve as passageways for blood vessels, nerves
fossa foramen fissure sinus |
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spondylolisthesis
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forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
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Ewing sarcoma
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malignant tumor arising in bone
rare, often occurs in children |
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exostosis
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benign bony growth arising from surface of bone
ex: out ostosis: condition of bone |
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osteochondroma
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exostosis composed of cartilage & bone
usually found on metaphyses of long bones near epiphyseal plate |
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fracture
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traumatic breaking of bone
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fracture, closed vs open
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closed: no wound in skin
open: bone protrudes through open wound in skin |
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crepitus
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crackling sound of ends of bones rubbing against each other or roughened cartilage
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Colles fracture
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near wrist joint at distal end of radius
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comminuted fracture
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bone splintered, crushed
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compression fracture
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bone collapses or is compressed
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greenstick fracture
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bone is partially broken
occurs in children |
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impacted fracture
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one fragment driven firmly into the other
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osteogenic sarcoma, osteosarcoma
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common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts
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metastatic bone lesions
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malignant tumors from other body parts (breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, kidney) that metastasize to bone
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone & bone marrow secondary to infection
oste/o: bone myel/o: bone marrow (or spinal cord) -itis: inflammation |
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talipes
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congenital abnormality of the hindfoot, clubfoot
talus: ankle pes: foot |
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rickets
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osteomalacia
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suture
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immovable joint
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synovial joint
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freely movable joint
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general synovial joint structure
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ligaments anchor bone to bone
enclosed by fibrous joint capsule articular cartilage lines bones at the joint synovial membrane lines the joint capsule synovial cavity between the bones, enclosed by the synovial membrane synovial fluid fills synovial cavity |
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bursa
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sacs of synovial fluid located near joints
reduce friction between structures |
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synovial fluid
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viscous fluid within synovial cavity
syn-: like ov/o: egg |
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ankylosing spondylitis
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chronic progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints
primarily in the spine diagnostic sign: bilateral sclerosis of SI joints |
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation & painful swelling of joints due to hyperuricemia (excessive uric acid)
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osteoarthritis
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progress, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage & hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
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osteophyte
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bone spur
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rheumatoid arthritis
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chronic joint condition with inflammation & pain
caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane |
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pyrexia
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fever
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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compression of median nerve as it passes between the ligament & bones & tendons of the wrist
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dislocation
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displacement of a bone from its joint
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subluxation
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partial or incomplete dislocation
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ganglion
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fluid-filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, usually in the hand
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herniation of intervertebral disc
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abnormal protrusion of intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
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Lyme disease
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disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, malaise
caused by bacterium (Borrelia burgdorferi) carried by a tick |
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sprain
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trauma to a joint, no rupture
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strain
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injury involving overstretching of muscle
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart, lungs
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flexion
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decreasing joint angle
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extension
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increasing joint angle
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abduction
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movement away from midline
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adduction
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movement toward midline
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rotation
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circular movement around an axis
internal: toward midline external: away from midline |
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dorsiflexion
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decreasing ankle joint ankle
raising toes toward shin |
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plantar flexion
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extends foot downward
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supination
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hand & forearm
act of turning palm up foot outward roll of the foot during normal motion |
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pronation
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hand & forearm
act of turning palm down foot inward roll of the foot during normal motion |
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fascia
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fibrous membrane separating & enveloping muscles
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muscular dystrophy
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group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of nervous system
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polymyositis
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chronic inflammatory myopathy
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody test
detects antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus |
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
aka sed rate measures elapsed time as erythrocytes settle to bottom of test tube elevated assoc with inflammatory disorders, chronic infections of bone & soft tissue |
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RF
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rheumatoid factor test
detects antibody in serum of patients with RA |
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Ca
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serum calcium
measure of Ca level in serum |
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hypercalcemia
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often caused by parathyroid gland disorder or malignancy
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hypocalcemia
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seen in critically ill patients with burns, sepsis, acute renal failure
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CK
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serum creatine kinase
measures creatine kinase in serum increased levels occur with muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, traumatic injury |
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uric acid test
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measures uric acid in serum
high levels assoc with gouty arthritis |
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from joint space
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arthrography
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x-ray image taken after injection of contrast material into a joint
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arthroplasty
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surgical repair or replacement of a joint
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arthroscopy
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visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope & tv camera
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bone densitometry
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measures bone mass via low-energy x-ray
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DEXA
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dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
measures bone density |
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bone scan
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measures uptake of radioactive substance by bone
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CT
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computed tomography
x-ray beam & computer provide cross-sectional & other images |
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diskography
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x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus
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EMG
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electromyography
measures strength of muscle contraction due to electrical stim |
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic field creates images of soft tissue |
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muscle biopsy
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removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
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AC
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acromioclavicular joint
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BKA
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below-knee amputation
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BMD
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bone mineral density
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CMC
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carpometacarpal joint
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DMARD
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disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
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DTRs
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deep tendon reflexes
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HNP
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herniated nucleus pulposus
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IM
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intramuscular
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NSAID
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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ORIF
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open reduction/internal fixation
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ROM
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range of motion
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fasciectomy
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removal of fibrous tissue separating muscle
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hemarthrosis
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abnormal condition of blood in a joint
hem/o arthr/o -osis |
