Photosynthesis: Food Production

Front 1

what is photosynthesis?

Back 1

process by which plants some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar. which cellular respiration, converts into apt which is the fuel used by all living things. the conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical.

Hint 1

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 Water + carbon dioxide ----------> sugar + oxygen

Front 2

what began to dramatically change the chemistry of Earth’s oceans and atmosphere several billion years ago?

Back 2

photosynthesis

Hint 2

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Front 3

What is this important process called photosynthesis?

Back 3

It is the process employed by plants, some bacteria, and some protists to use the Sun’s energy. These organisms change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen. The sugar molecules store the Sun’s energy in their bonds. Cells then use the reactions of cellular respiration to convert this energy into ATP. The green pigment chlorophyll plays a key role in transforming unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy.

Hint 3

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Front 4

how does photosythesis impact you?

Back 4

Photosynthesis produces the sugars we eat as food and the oxygen that we must have to stay alive.

Hint 4

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Front 5

How can we write the overall reaction of the photosythesis

Back 5

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Hint 5

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2
Water + carbon dioxide ----------> sugar + oxygen

Front 6

What is the inputs and output of photosynthesis?

Back 6

Usually, food production begins with green plants, nature's solar collectors. Plants use sunlight and simple environmental resources - carbon dioxide and water - to produce carbohydrates. This process is called photosynthesis

Front 7

What ist he Nature of Light ?

Back 7

We find it in red lights, green lights, color television sets, and color computer monitors. When white light passes through a prism, the white light is separated into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet

Front 8

what is a wavelength?

Back 8

is one of the wave properties of light. It is the distance from peak to peak (or trough to trough) on a light wave.

Front 9

what happens as the wavelength inceases?

Back 9

the energy of light decreases. Redder lights have longer wavelengths and lower energies. The violet side of the spectrum contains lights of shorter wavelengths and higher energies.

Front 10

what determines the order of colors when light passes through a prism or raindrops to create a rainbow. how?

Back 10

the wavelength/ Shorter (bluer) wavelengths are bent more than longer (redder) wavelengths. Visible light is one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Front 11

what are infrered wavelengths? what are ultraviolet?

Back 11

Wavelengths longer than red are called infrared. Those shorter than violet are called ultraviolet.

Front 12

How does light behave differently then other forms of energy?

Back 12

behaves as both a wave and a particle. The bending of light’s path when passing from one material into another is an example of a wave property of light. A pencil resting in a glass of water appears to be bent because light’s path is bent as it passes from air through the glass and then through water.

Front 13

how are lights particle properties demonstrated?

Back 13

photoelectric effect

Front 14

What happens when a metal such as zinc is exposed to ultraviolet light,? What do they create?.

Back 14

the light energy forces electrons from the zinc. These ejected electrons can create an electrical current.

Front 15

What do the metals sodium, potassium, and seleniumave in common?

Back 15

they all have critical wavelengths in the visible light range

Front 16

What is the critical wavelength? Can you name some physical phenomena that make use of this effect?

Back 16

It is the longest wavelength of light that creates a photoelectric effect. Remote control garage door openers, television remote controls, remotely armed

Front 17

What is a pigment ?is any substance that absorbs light. Where does the color we see comes from?t

Back 17

It is any substance that absorbs light.
the wavelengths of light that reflect.

Front 18

What is Chlorophyll?

Back 18

complex molecule.

Front 19

What form of chloraphyll all photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, prochlorobacteria, and cyanobacteria) . These organisms also contain other pigment molecules known as?

Back 19

chloraphyll a
accessory pigments

Front 20

What does Accessory pigments do?

Back 20

absorb energy not absorbed
by Chlorophyll a////

Front 21

What do Accessory pigments do?What are some examples of accessory pigments?

Back 21

They absorb energy not absorbed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b, xanthocyanin (a reddish pigment found in coleus leaves), and beta-carotene (the yellow-colored pigment found in carrots) are examples of accessory pigments.

Front 22

What is the action spectrum of photosynthesis ?

Back 22

is the effectiveness of different wavelengths of light at generating electrons from pigments.//

Front 23

When a pigment absorbs light energy, one of three events will occur:

Back 23

Energy is dissipated as heat.
Energy may be emitted immediately as a longer wavelength, a phenomenon known as fluorescence.
Energy may trigger a chemical reaction, as occurs in photosynthesis.

Front 24

Where does photosynthesis takes place?

Back 24

In eukaryotic cells, takes place in structures called chloroplasts.

Front 25

Where is a granum. located?

Back 25

Within each chloroplast, thylakoids (flattened saclike membranes) are piled on top of one another like pancakes in a stack. Each stack is known as a granum.

Front 26

What is the thylakoid ?

Back 26

it is the structural unit of photosynthesis.

Front 27

.What are photosystems.?

Back 27

Within its membrane, proteins and pigment molecules are arranged into groups known as photosystems.

Front 28

. Where are the thylakoids of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic prokaryotes are located?

Back 28

in the cytoplasm instead of being held within chloroplasts.

Front 29

What is the first stage of Photosynthesis? What is another name for it?

Back 29

The first stage (known as the Light Dependent Process or Light Reactions) uses light to energize the energy carrier molecules ATP and NADPH. The splitting of water during the first stage gives off oxygen as a waste product. The reaction also generates electrons that pass into the photosystem. The ATP and NADPH electron energy carriers generated in this first stage transfer energy (and electrons) to the next stage

Front 30

What is the second phase of photosynthesis?

Back 30

The Light Independent Process (also known as the Dark Reactions) occurs when the ATP and NADPH molecules provide the energy needed to form the carbon-carbon covalent bonds of a carbohydrate. The carbon to make these carbohydrates comes from carbon dioxide obtained from the environment. The chemical reactions of the Light Dependent Process occur in the grana. The reactions of the Light Independent Process take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts.

Front 31

What happens in the Light Dependent Process?

Back 31

a molecule of chlorophyll a absorbs light of a critical wavelength. The light energy excites chlorophyll’s electrons to a higher energy state. These excited electrons pass from the photosystem into a series of linked oxidation-reduction reactions.

Front 32

What happens In electron transport chain?

Back 32

the electrons’ energy is used to convert ADP into ATP. At the end of this chain, the now low-energy electrons are passed to another photosystem within the thylakoid membrane. Light again energizes chlorophyll a in this second photosystem. Excited electrons move through a short transport chain. At the end of this chain (and with the help of an enzyme), NADP captures the electrons and forms the higher-energy version NADPH

Front 33

What is Photophosphorylation?

Back 33

the use of excited electrons to add a phosphate group to a molecule.

Front 34

What happens when Light strikes a form of chlorophyll in Photosystem II.///

Back 34

The electrons attach to a primary electron acceptor in their excited state. A sequence of redox reactions begins where the electrons pass through some membrane-bound proteins that carry out redox reactions. Energy is released, gathered and stored as ADP. It is then reduced to ATP. The electrons eventually reach a molecule in Photosystem I. The P680 molecule replaces the lost electrons by breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen ions and electrons. The process releases oxygen when the oxygen ions combine into O2.

Front 35

What are the reactions the Dark Reactions or Light Independent Reactions?

Back 35

Living systems cannot directly use light energy. Instead, they convert the light energy stored in ATP and NADPH into the C-C bond energies of simple carbohydrates. This stored energy can then be released on demand by other metabolic processes. The reactions that use ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates make up the second stage of photosynthesis.