Photosynthesis Chapter 8 - 1

Front 1

energy is the ability to do _____

Back 1

work

Front 2

when you are sleeping, your cells are busy using energy to build _____ and _____.

Back 2

proteins and amino acids

Front 3

energy comes from _____, and the energy in most of it comes from the _____

Back 3

food, sun

Front 4

_____ and some other types of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce _____

Back 4

plants, food

Front 5

autotrophs

Back 5

organisms that make their own food

Front 6

heterotrophs

Back 6

animals/organisms that can't make their own food

Front 7

how is mushroom a heterotroph?

Back 7

it obtain food by decomposing other organisms

Front 8

to live, all organisms must release the energy in _____ and other compounds

Back 8

sugar

Front 9

to live, all organisms must _____ in sugar and other compounds

Back 9

release energy

Front 10

ATP is used by _____ types of cells as their basic _____ _____

Back 10

all, energy source

Front 11

as the candle burns, high-energy chemical bonds between _____ and _____ atoms in the wax are broken

Back 11

carbon, hydrogen

Front 12

the high-energy bonds that are broken as the candle burns are replaced by low-energy bonds between _____, _____, and _____

Back 12

hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

Front 13

the energy of a candle flame s released from _____

Back 13

electrons

Front 14

when the electrons in the bonds of candle waxes are shifted from _____ energy levels to _____ energy levels, the _____ _____ is released as heat and light

Back 14

higher, lower, extra energy

Front 15

living things use chemical _____ as well

Back 15

fuels

Front 16

one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to _____ and _____ energy is _____ _____

Back 16

store, release, adenosine triphosphate

Front 17

ATP consists of _____, _____ called _____, and _____ (number) _____

Back 17

adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, 3 phosphate groups

Front 18

what are the key to ATP's ability to _____ and _____ energy?

Back 18

3 phosphate group, store and release

Front 19

ADP aka _____ _____

Back 19

adenosine diphosphate

Front 20

ADP has #_____ phosphate groups instead of #_____

Back 20

2, 3

Front 21

the difference between ADP and ATP's number of phosphate group is the key to the way in which living things _____ _____

Back 21

store energy

Front 22

when a cell has energy available, it can store small amounts of it by _____ to _____ molecules, producing _____

Back 22

adding a phosphate group to ADP molecules, producing ATP

Front 23

ATP is like a _____ _____ battery

Back 23

fully charged

Front 24

how is the energy that is stored in ATP released?

Back 24

breaking the chemical bond between the 2nd and the 3rd phosphates

Front 25

because a cell can _____ the third phosphate group, it can _____ energy as needed

Back 25

subtract, release

Front 26

ATP has enough energy to power a variety of _____ _____, including _____ _____ across cell membranes, _____ synthesis, and muscle _____

Back 26

cellular activities, active transport, protein, contradtion

Front 27

ATP has enough energy to power a variety of cellular activities, including _____, _____, and _____

Back 27

active transport across cell membranes
protein synthesis
muscle contraction

Front 28

the characteristics of _____ make it exceptionally useful as the _____ _____ _____ of all cells

Back 28

ATP, basic energy source

Front 29

what is one of the ways cells use the energy provided by the ATP?

Back 29

carry out active transport

Front 30

many celll membranes contain a _____-_____ pump, a membrane _____ that pumps _____ ions out of the cell and _____ ions into it

Back 30

sodium-potassium pump, sodium, potassium

Front 31

ATP provides the energy that keeps the _____-_____ pump working, maintaining a carefully regulated _____ of ions on both side of the cell _____

Back 31

sodium-potassium pump
balance
membrane

Front 32

ATP produces _____, too, providing the energy for _____ proteins that move _____ throughout the cell

Back 32

movement, motor, organelles

Front 33

Energy from ATP power other important events in the cell, including the synthesis of _____ and _____ _____ and responses to chemical _____ at the cell _____

Back 33

proteins, nucleic acids, signals, surface

Front 34

energy from ATP powers other important events in the cell, including the _____ and responses to _____

Back 34

synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids,
and responses to the chemical signals at the cell surface

Front 35

the blink of a firefly on a summer night comes from an _____ powered by _____

Back 35

enzyme, ATP

Front 36

most cells have only a _____ amount of ATP, enough to last them for a few _____ of activity

Back 36

small, seconds

Front 37

even though ATP is a great _____ for transferring energy, it's not a good one for _____ large amounts of energy over the _____ term

Back 37

molecule, storing, long

Front 38

a single molecule of the sugar _____ stores more than _____ times the chemical energy of a molecule of _____

Back 38

glucose, 90, ATP

Front 39

cells can _____ _____ from _____ as needed by using the energy in foods like _____

Back 39

regenerate ATP from ADP, glucose