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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
photosynthesis
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chloroplasts capture ligh energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules
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autotrophs
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"self-feeders" sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
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heterotrophs
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live on compounds produced by other organisms
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chloroplast
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organelle. site of photosynthesis
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chlorophyll
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the pigment located in chloroplasts. light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast.
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mesophyll
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the tissue in the interior of the leaf where chloroplasts are found. Each cell ontains about 30-40 chloroplasts
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stomata
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microscopic pores where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits leaves
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stroma
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the dense fluid within the chloroplast
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thylakoids
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elaborate system of interconnected membranous sacs called thylakoids that segregates the stroma from the thylakoid space.
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thylakoid space
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interior of thylakoids
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grana
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stacked columns of thylakoid sacs
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light reactions
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the photo part of photosynthesis. convert solar energy to chemical energy.
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photophosphorylation
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the addition of a phosphate group to ADP by chemiosmosis
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carbon fixation
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the initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds
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wavelength
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the distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves
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electromagnetic spectrum
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the entire range of radiation
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visible light
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the range of radiation from 400-700 that is detected as various colors by the human eye
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spectrophotometer
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directs beams of light of different wavelengths through a solution of the pigment and measures the fraction of the light transmitted at each wavelenth
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why is visible light important in biological processes?
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longer wavelengths don't have enough energy, they merely vibrate molecules; and shorter wavelengths have too much energy, they destroy molecules. Visible light excites electrons to higher energy states, and cells can harness that energy to do work.
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our eyes are most sensitive to what color?
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green
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plants absorb...and don't use...
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absorb blues and reds. don't use greens
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overall reaction of photosynthesis
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6 H2O + 6 CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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water is carried to the leaves via tubular cells called
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xylem
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The oxygen released by photosynthesis comes from?
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H2O. The oxygen in CO2 goes to glucose and to newly regenerated H2O.
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What happens in the light reactions...?
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Light energy is captured.
High energy nucleotides ATP and NADPH are formed. Water is split. -Electrons go to NADPH -NADP is reduced to NADPH (a higher energy form) -Oxygen is released as a byproduct. |
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What happens in the Calvin Cycle...? (and aka what?)
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aka carbon fixation reactions
-ATP and NADPH give up their energy -Energy is used to build glucose from CO2 |
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Photosystems? where are they?
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groups of Chlorphyll and accessory pigment molecules (chl.a and chl.b, carotenes) on the thylakoid membranes. clustered around one special molecule of chlorophyll a in the reaction center
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PS II
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reaction center contains a P680 - a chemical form of chlorophyll a that has a maximum light absorbance at 680 nm.
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PS I
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reaction center contains P700 - a chemical form of chlorophyll with maximum light absorbance of 700 nm.
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Non-cyclic electron flow.
Generates what? Involves what? |
most important pathway in light reactions. Generates both ATP and NADPH. Involves PSII and PSI.
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Cyclic electron flow. Occurs when ? Involves what? What is formed?
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Occurs at the same time as the non-cyclic pathway; involves only PSI. Only ATP formed.
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G3P
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Direct product of the Calvin Cycle. triose sugar. two molecules spontaneously unite to form Glucose.
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