Photosynthesis

Front 1

NADP+ accepts and holds two high energy electrons, along with a hydrogen ion (H+). In this way, it is converted into __________________.

Back 1

NADPH

Front 2

As it rotates, ATP synthase binds ___________ and a phosphate group together to produce _________.

Back 2

ADP, ATP

Front 3

Photosynthesis takes place inside organelles called _______________.

Back 3

cloroplast

Front 4

What is energy?

Back 4

the ability to do work

Front 5

During the light-independent reactions, commonly referred to as the ____________________ plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contains to build stable high-energy carbohydrate compounds that can be stored for a long time.

Back 5

Calvin Cycle

Front 6

What happens during the light-independent reactions?

Back 6

During the light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions are used to produce high-energy sugars.

Front 7

Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins known as ___________.

Back 7

photosystems

Front 8

Most of the time, the green color of the chlorophyll _____________ the other pigments, but as the temperatures drop and chloropyll molecules break down, the red and orange pigments may be seen.

Back 8

overwhelms

Front 9

ATP stands for...

Back 9

adenosine triphosphate

Front 10

The high-energy electrons are passed to the __________________________, a series of electron carriers that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions.

Back 10

electron transport chain

Front 11

These reactions take place within the ______________ of the chloroplast.

Back 11

thylakoid membranes

Front 12

_____________________, enables light-dependent electron transport to produce not only NADPH (at the end of the electron transport chain), but ATP as well.

Back 12

chemiosmosis

Front 13

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Back 13

carbon dioxide and water

Front 14

Pigments are located in the ___________________.

Back 14

thylakoid membranes

Front 15

photosynthetic reaction (words)

Back 15

Carbon dioxide + Water Sugars + Oxygen

Front 16

Light is not required to power the ________________.

Back 16

light-independent reactions

Front 17

CAM plants, __________________________________, where carbon dioxide is combined with existing molecules to produce organic acids, "trapping" the carbon within the leaves.

Back 17

Crassulacean acid metabolism

Front 18

__________________ is absorbed by electrons in the pigments within photosystem II, increasing the electrons' energy levels.

Back 18

light energy

Front 19

photosynthetic reactions (symbols)

Back 19

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Front 20

The thylakoid membrane provides new electrons to chlorophyll from _________________.

Back 20

water molecules

Front 21

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are known as ____________________.

Back 21

heterotrophs

Front 22

The _______________ uses 6 molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule.

Back 22

Calvin Cycle

Front 23

Energy from ATP powers the synthesis of proteins and responds to ___________________ at the cell surface.

Back 23

chemical signals

Front 24

ADP stands for...

Back 24

Adenosine diphosphate

Front 25

The high-energy electrons produced by chlorophyll are ______________ and require a special "carrier".

Back 25

reactive

Front 26

The heterotrophs that obtain food from plants indirectly by feeding on plant-eating animals known as __________________.

Back 26

carnivores

Front 27

Plants use the sugars generated by photosynthesis to produce complex carbohydrates such as starches, and to provide energy for the synthesis of other compounds including _______________ and ___________________.

Back 27

proteins and lipids

Front 28

The light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce ____________ and ____________.

Back 28

ATP and NADPH

Front 29

Our eyes see the different wavelengths of the visible spectrum as different colors:

Back 29

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet

Front 30

Sunlight is a ______________ of different wavelengths, many of which are visible to our eyes and make up the visible spectrum.

Back 30

mixture

Front 31

The process of which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates that can be used for food is known as _________________.

Back 31

photosynthesis

Front 32

Plants also contain red and orange pigments such as _______________ that absorb light in other regions of the visible spectrum.

Back 32

carotene

Front 33

The energy for the reactions is supplied by compounds produced in the ___________________ reactions.

Back 33

light dependent

Front 34

C4 organisms include crop plants like...

Back 34

corn, sugar cane, and sorghum

Front 35

In the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the energy of ____________ into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.

Back 35

sunlight

Front 36

What happens during the process of photosynthesis?

Back 36

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen.

Front 37

_____________________ is released into the air. Light independent reaction is the source of nearly all of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere.

Back 37

oxygen

Front 38

____________________ plants have a specialized chemical pathway that allows them to capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle.

Back 38

C4

Front 39

Cells can release the energy stored in _________________ by breaking the bonds between the second and third phosphate groups.

Back 39

ATP

Front 40

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Back 40

high-energy sugars and oxygen

Front 41

___________________ molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere.

Back 41

carbon dioxide

Front 42

One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to ___________________.

Back 42

power active transport

Front 43

In the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the energy of sunlight into _______________ stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.

Back 43

chemical energy

Front 44

The two types of chlorophyll found in plants, _____________ and _______________, absorb light very well in the blue-violet and red regions of the visible spectrum, but not in the green region.

Back 44

chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Front 45

What role do pigments play in the process of photosynthesis?

Back 45

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with pigments.