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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where does the energy from cellular respiration come from? |
photosynthesis |
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what nourishes all the world either directly or indirectly? |
photosynthesis |
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what does photosynthesis convert carbon dioxide into? |
oxygen |
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what is the chemical part of photosynthesis? |
plants capturing energy from these and turns it into chemical energy that is stored in sugars and other organic molecules |
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what are the 3 components necessary for photosynthesis? |
visible light water carbon dioxide |
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what is the purpose of visible light in photosynthesis? |
energy input |
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what is the purpose of water in photosynthesis? |
it provides electrons for the reduction of CO2 |
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what is the purpose of CO2 in photosynthesis? |
it is the carbon source |
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what are the 2 products of photosynthesis? |
organic molecules oxygen |
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why is oxygen an important product of photosynthesis? |
it is necessary for cellular respiration |
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what's an organic molecule that is created by photosynthesis? |
glucose |
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where does photosynthesis occur? |
chloroplasts |
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why are chloroplasts green? |
chlorophyll |
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where is chlorophyll located? |
the thylakoid membrane |
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what is the primary pigment in chloroplasts? |
chlorophyll |
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what is the chemical reaction for photosynthesis? |
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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where is the converted chemical energy stored? |
ATP and NADPH |
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what is NADPH? |
the plant version of NADH |
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how is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy similar to what happens in mitochondria? (cellular respiration) |
ETC generates ATP and NADH, in this case NADPH |
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what absorbs photons of light for photosynthesis? |
pigments |
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Where does the calvin cycle occur? |
the stroma |
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what are other names for the light independent reactions? |
dark cycle or calvin cycle |
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what is the main occurrence in the calvin cycle? |
glucose is produced |
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what type of cycle is the calvin cycle? |
anabolic |
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in the calvin cycle, glucose is created from smaller molecules through the use of what? |
ATP |
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carbon is fixated through what? |
redox reactions |
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what is glucose fixated from? |
CO2 |
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the calvin cycle requires what 3 things? |
3 CO2 molecules 9 ATP 6 NADPH |
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what is another name for the light dependent reactions? |
photochemical |
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what basically occurs in the photochemical reactions? |
light energy is converted to chemical energy |
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what is a photosystem? |
hundreds of photosynthetic pigments that collect light energy and pass it to chlorophyll in the reaction center |
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what do photosystems collect? |
light energy, even the light energy that chlorophyll cannot collect |
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what is the action spectrum? |
a graph that shows the amount of photosynthesis that occurs when a plant is exposed to different wavelengths of visible light |
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what is the absorption spectrum? |
a graph that shows the absorption of different photosynthetic pigments at different visible wavelengths |
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what are the 3 types of accessory pigments? |
chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, carotenoids |
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what type of chlorophyll is directly involved in photosynthesis? |
chlorophyll a |
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what is the function of accessory pigments? |
absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a |
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what may be the most important biochemical process on earth? |
photosynthesis |
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what is a process that removes atmospheric carbon and transforms it into oxygen and carbohydrates? |
photosynthesis |
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what are grana? |
stacks of thylakoid
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what are the main photosynthetic pigments? |
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene, and xanthophyll |
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why is photosynthesis important to cellular respiration? |
photosynthesis provides the oxygen for cellular respiration to break down glucose and perform cellular metabolism |
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what does cellular respiration produce that photosynthesis uses? |
carbon dioxide |
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what is another word used for "convert" when talking about solar energy being used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates? |
fix
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what happens in the process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates? |
water molecules are split to create oxygen and the electrons needed to reduce CO2 to form glucose |
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what is the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis? (words) |
carbon dioxide + water + light energy > glucose + oxygen |
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what are the 2 main stages of photosynthesis? |
photochemical and calvin cycle |
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why is the photochemical stage of photosynthesis considered a light dependent reaction? |
because light is required |
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why is the calvin cycle considered a light independent reaction? |
it does not require light |
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the calvin cycle is also what type of reaction? |
biochemical |
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what is the detailed version of what happens during photochemical reactions? |
water is split, the electrons in photosynthetic pigment molecules are energized, and oxygen is released |
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what is the detailed version of what happens in the calvin cycle? |
the energy created by the photochemical stage is used to fix carbon into sugar |
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what 2 things affect the rate of photochemical reactions? |
light intensity and light wavelength |
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what the 2 photosystems are inside thylakoid? |
Photosystem I and Photosystem II |
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what makes the 2 photosystems different? |
optimum wavelength |
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what is the optimum wavelength of Photosystem I? |
700 nm |
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what is the optimum wavelength of Photosystem II? |
680 nm |
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what can we replace NADPH with to measure the effect of light intensity on electron transport? |
DPIP |
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what is the color of DPIP when it is oxidized? |
blue |
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what color is DPIP when it is reduced? |
clear |
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will the spinach leaves sink or float when it is aspirated? |
sink |
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will the spinach leaves sink or float as photosynthesis occurs? |
float |
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what will we use to aspirate the spinach leaves? |
sodium bicarbonate |
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what is the structure of chlorophylls? |
large ring molecules with nonpolar hydrocarbon tails |
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what is the difference between chlorophylls a and b, and carotenes and xanthophyll? |
carotenes and xanthopylls are non polar hydrocarbon chains and the others are rings |
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where is anthocyanin found? |
vacuoles of leaf cells |
