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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First law of thermodynamics
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Energy is never created or destroyed. I just changes form.
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Flow of energy
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sun-captured by plants by photosynthesis-used to make CO2 sugar-broken down via respiratory pathways to synthesize ATP-ATP used to synthesize macromolecules
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Photosythesis definition
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Carbon Dioxide and Water and the energy provided by light are used to make glucose
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Photosynthesis formula
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6CO2 + 12H2O + Energy = C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2O
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What color does not get absorbed and used in photosynthesis?
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Green
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Chlorophyll
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The main pigment that helps capture the energy provided by solar radiation. 2 main types (a&b)
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PAR
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Photosynthetically active radiation.
400-700nm Photosynthesis is mostly driven by light in the blue and red spectrum. |
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Where is chlorophyll located
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Thylacoids in chloroplasts in plants.
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Catorinoids
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Yellow, orange and brown
Found in chloroplasts |
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Anthocyanins
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Reds
Found in fluid in leaf tissue |
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Photosynthesis input
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CO2 enters plants leaf through small openings called stomata
H2O brought up from ground via root and vasccular systems |
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Photosynthesis output
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O2 leaves the leaf through the stomata
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Photosynthesis definition
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Taking energy in from sunlight and storing it in the bonds of glucose for future use
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Two parts of photosynthesis
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Light dependent reaction
Light independent reaction |
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Light dependent reaction
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Sunlight is used to extract high energy electrons from water. These electrons are used to make ATP and NADH.
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Light independent reaction
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ATP energy and electrons from NADH are used to convert carbon diozide into sugars.
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Thylakoids
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Plate-like structures in chloroplasts that carry out the light-dependent process of photosynthesis
-photons strike pigments-excites electrons that then pass down e- transport chain-energy used to power synthesis of ATP and NADH |
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Photosystem I
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Converts NADP+ into NADPH(an e- carrier)
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Photosystem II
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Yields ATP
e- removed is replaced by e- from water being split |
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Non-cyclic flow
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Produces NADPH
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Cyclic flow
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No NADPH produced
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Light reactions
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-Carried out by molecules in thylakyloid membranes
-Convert light energy into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH -Split H20 and release O2 into atmosphere |
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Calvin cycle reactions
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-Take place in the stroma
-Use ATP and NADPH (from photosystems 1 and 2) to convert CO2 into the sugar G3P -Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ to the light reactions |
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Stroma
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Fluid within chloroplast
Where light independent stages of photosynthesis take place |
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Rubisco
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Enzyme which helps drive Calvin Cycle
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What is needed to make 1 glucose molecule in Calvin Cycle
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2 complete cycles
6 CO2 18 ATP 12 NADPH |
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Carbon sequestration
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Forrests act as temporary carbon sinks
Creates oxygen Carbon oil is not released regularly under natural conditions |
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Kyoto protocol
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Mandatory limitations on greenhouse gas emmisions
Carbon credits-grow and maintain forrest areas |
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C3 pathway
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Major pathway of photosynthesis in plants forms 3 carbon molecules as 1st stable product
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Gas exchange in leaves
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occurs in stomata
source of H2O loss if plants close stomata to conserve water, they don't get CO2 |
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C4 pathway
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first bind carbon into a "holding molecule"
-requires additional ATP -allows photosynthesis to occur in dry conditions -CO2 binds to a 4carbon molecule then transported to bundle sheath cell -found in many grasses as adaption to dry environment |
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CAM pathway
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Open stomata during the night and store carbon as an organic acid, then photosynthesize during day with stomata closed
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