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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis is
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the process that converts the light energy captured by plant chloroplasts to chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules
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chemical equation of photosynthesis
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6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
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Autotroph
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sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms.
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Photoautotroph
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Photoautotrophs use light energy to synthesize organic substances.
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Heterotroph
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are unable to make their own food and live on compounds produced by other organisms.
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Location of the Chloroplast
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Mesophyll
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Stroma
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An envelope of two membranes encloses the stroma, which the dense fluid within the chloroplast.
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Thylakoids
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The thylakoids are a system of interconnected membrane sacs.
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Thylakoid Space
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The thylakoid membrane separates the stroma from the interior of the thylakoid, called the thylakoid space.
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Grana
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Where thylakoids are stacked, these are called grana.
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Thylakoid Membranes
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Chlorophyll resides in the thylakoid membranes.
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Photophosphorylation
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Photophosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to ADP using chemiosmosis generated in the light reactions.
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Electromagnetic Energy
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Electromagnetic energy travels in waves.
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Wavelength
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The electromagnetic waves are disturbances in electrical and magnetic fields
The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves is called the wavelength. |
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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The entire range of electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum
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What does a prokaryotic cell lack in comparison to a eukaryotic cell?
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Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles |
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Nuceloid?
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Prokaryotic region with no membrane where chromosomes are located
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What 2 kingdoms make up Prokaryotic cells?
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Bacteria, Archea
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What are the 7 parts to a bacterium?
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1) Pili -attachment via surface
2) Nucleoid 3) Ribosomes 4) Plasma membrane 5) Cell wall 6) Capsule - Outer coating of bacterium 7) Flagella - locomotion |
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In plant cells not animal cells (6 things)
In animal cells not plant cells What does the cell wall do? |
1) Plastids - Membrane-bound plant-organelles
2) Cell wall 3) Central vacuole 4) Chloroplasts 5) Plasmodesmata 6) Tonoplast 1) Lysosomes 2) Centrioles 3) Flagella |
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What does the central vacuole do?
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•Protect cell from physical harm
• Maintain cell shape • Made of cellulose • Storage • Breakdown of waste and macromolecules (hydrolysis) |
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What do chloroplasts do?
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Photosynthesis of ATP and glucose from sunlight
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What is the function of the plasmodesmata?
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Allow connection of two adjacent cells' cytoplasms using specific "bridges
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What is the tonoplast?
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Membrane that separates central vacuole and its cell sap from the cytoplasm's cytosol
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What is the membrane for the nucleus called?
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Nuclear Envelope
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Where is the pore complex located and what does it do?
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• Located on the nucleus
• Regulates entry of certain large macromolecules and particles |
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What does the nuclear lamina do?
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Protein filaments that maintain shape of nucleus by lining the nuclear envelope
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What does the nucleolus do?
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• Central hub for chromatin
• Produces ribosomes |
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What are ribosomes and what do they do?
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Organelles made of ribosomal DNA
• Protein synthesis |
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What are the two types of ribosomes and where are they located?
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1) Free ribosomes - Cytosol
2) Bound ribosomes - Outside of Endoplasmic Reticulum or Nuclear Envelope |
