Photosynthesis

Front 1

What is a stack of thylakoids called?

Back 1

A granum (grana is plural)

Front 2

How many major membranes does a chloroplast have?

Back 2

2

Front 3

What is contained within a thylakoid?

Back 3

Chorophyll

Front 4

What what century did Van Helmont conduct his classic experiment with a willow tree in a tub?

Back 4

17th Century (1600's)

Front 5

In Van Helmont's experiment the willow tree gain 164 lbs, but lost only 2 oz of soil. What did Van Helmont conclude from this observation?

Back 5

He concluded that water must somehow be converted into plant tissue.

Front 6

In what century did Joseph Priestly conduct his photosynthesis experiments?

Back 6

18th Century. (1772)

Front 7

Describe Priestly's experiment.

Back 7

He placed a mouse in a bell jar, and after a time the mouse died. He placed a plant in a separate bell jar, and it also died. But, when both the mouse and plant were in the same jar they survived.

Front 8

What did Priestly conclude from his experiments with the mouse and the plant?

Back 8

He concluded that mouse provided something that the plant needed (carbon dioxide), and the plant produced something that the animal needed (oxygen).

Front 9

What did Ingenhousz conclude from his 18th Century experiments on photosynthesis?

Back 9

He concluded that plants give of oxygen in the presence of light, and in the dark give off carbon dioxide.

Front 10

Engelmann (1883) concluded what after his photosynthesis experiments?

Back 10

He proved that different wavelengths of light influence the rate of photosynthesis.

Front 11

What did Ruben and Kamen (1941) conclude in their photosynthesis experiments?

Back 11

Using radioisotopes, they proved that the oxygen given off during photosynthesis came from water.

Front 12

What are the two raw materials for photosynthesis?

Back 12

1. water
2. carbon dioxide

Front 13

What are the two by-products of regular photosynthesis?

Back 13

Oxygen gas and water

Front 14

What is the major product of photosynthesis?

Back 14

PGAL, also called G3P or PG3 [the 3's should be subscripts)

Front 15

What is formed when carbon dioxide and water mix?

Back 15

Carbonic acid

Front 16

In the generalized formula for photosynthesis, what does the "A" stand for in H2A? [2 is a subscript)

Back 16

water or hydrogen sulfide

Front 17

What major gas is produced as a result of photolysis?

Back 17

Oxygen

Front 18

Stomata, the opening in the epidermis of leaves are found in greatest abundance where?

Back 18

on the lower epidermis of leaves

Front 19

What are cells called in which most photosynthesis occurs?

Back 19

Palisade mesophyll

Front 20

What is the opening between two guard cells called?

Back 20

Stoma (stomata is plural)

Front 21

Water moves into and out of guard cells causing the opening and closing of the stoma. What is this process called?

Back 21

osmosis

Front 22

Which colors of the visible light spectrum are the most used in photosynthesis?

Back 22

Blue and red frequencies

Front 23

In additional to chlorophyll A & B, what other pigments capture light used in photosynthesis?

Back 23

Carotenoids

Front 24

What are the four types of chlorophyll mentioned in lecture?

Back 24

A, B, C, D

Front 25

What color is chlorophyll?

Back 25

Green

Front 26

What color are carotenoids?

Back 26

Yellowish to orange

Front 27

What color are xanthophyll pigments?

Back 27

Yellows

Front 28

What color are anthocyanin pigments?

Back 28

Red - under acidic conditions
Blue - under alkaline conditions

Front 29

Of the pigments that we studied, which is water soluble?

Back 29

Anthocyanins

Front 30

What is the abscission zone?

Back 30

This is the area of lignified cells in the petiole of a leaf where it attaches to a branch. This area gradually lignifies and shuts of water and nutrients to the leaf, initiating the change of leaf color and the eventual death of the leaf.

Front 31

Of the pigments studied, which is the most delicate and breaks down first in the leaf in the Fall?

Back 31

Chlorophyll

Front 32

What are the two groups of reactions in photosynthesis?

Back 32

1. photolysis
2. carbon dioxide fixation

Front 33

Which reaction is considered to by light independent?

Back 33

Carbon dioxide fixation

Front 34

Which reaction is dependent on light energy as the source of energy to drive the reaction?

Back 34

Photolysis

Front 35

What is the source of energy that drives carbon dioxide fixation reactions?

Back 35

ATP energy produced in photolysis

Front 36

What are the three things to remember about photolysis?

Back 36

1. light is the energy source
2. water is the raw material
3. three things are produced: oxygen gas, two molecules of NADPH2, and ATP.

Front 37

What is the hydrogen carrier called in photolysis?

Back 37

NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Front 38

What by-product is produced as a result of photolysis?

Back 38

Oxygen gas

Front 39

What by-product is produced as a result of carbon dioxide fixation?

Back 39

Water

Front 40

What is the source of hydrogens needed in carbon dioxide fixation?

Back 40

NADPH2 (2 is a subscript)

Front 41

What is the formula for a basic carbohydrate unit?

Back 41

(CH20)n (2 and "n" are subscripts)