Phonology Midterm

Front 1

What is phonology?

Back 1

Rule system governing the sound system of a language.

Structure, Form

Front 2

What are the major components of phonology?

Back 2

1. Permissible phonemes (smallest units of sound that hold meaning)

Front 3

What are the major components of phonology?

Back 3

Permissible selection and sequencing of phonemes into morphemes and words.

Phonotactics: Which sound sequences go where?
Phonotactic Rules: Which sequences are permissible and which aren't

Front 4

What are the major components of phonology?

Back 4

Permissible variations of phonemes that are allowed in speech.

-Allophone: Learned elements of a language's phonology
-Allophonic Rules
-Syllabification
-Re-syllabification

Front 5

What are the major components of phonology?

Back 5

Permissible variations in the pronunciation of morphemes in different contexts.

-Allomorphs: A unit of meaning can vary in sound without changing the meaning of the word.
-Morphophonemics: Actual sound changes taking place
-Morphophonemic Rules: If sound changes are taking place in cognates, you cannot link them together without adding something in between them.

Front 6

What is speech?

Back 6

Acoustic product of vocal tract movements representing meaningful sounds of a language.

Must have meaning.
Deals with articulation.

Front 7

What is articulation?

Back 7

Moving vocal tract structures into positions for production of the sounds of speech.

Front 8

What is coarticulation?

Back 8

Simultaneously moving two or more articulators into two or more positions to produce two or more speech sounds.

The influence sounds have on each other.

Front 9

What are the two types of coarticulation?

Back 9

1. Natural Anticipatory Co-Artic
2. Natural Perservatory/Retentive/Carryover Co-Artic

Front 10

Anticipatory Coarticulation

Back 10

Anticipatory features are evident before the sound segment

Front 11

Perservatory Coarticulation

Back 11

Articulatory feature is retained after its required appearance

Front 12

What is motor speech planning?

Back 12

Planning the vocal tract movements that will be needed for allophone production during speech.

The script, score, composition or blueprint for sequences of articulatory movement.

Front 13

Motor speech planning is _______________ specific

Back 13

Structure

Front 14

What occurs during motor speech planning?

Back 14

Speech Praxis: Planning the movements of the vocal tract mechanism during speech

Front 15

Why is motor speech planning considered to be the bridge between phonology and coarticulated speech?

Back 15

In Stages 1-4 you are unconsciously thinking of what you are going to say. In motor speech planning you begin to DEVELOP the plan for what ACTIONS your articulators will be physically manipulated in.

Front 16

What disorder is associated with Motor Speech Planning?

Back 16

Apraxia of Speech

Front 17

What is motor speech programming?

Back 17

Programming of strength, direction, speed, etc. of vocal tract musculature in order to achieve articulatory movements for motor speech.

Front 18

How is programming different from planning and execution?

Back 18

Planning: Determination of neuromuscular activities that need to occur in order to achieve motor speech plan. Structure specific.

Front 19

Programming:

Back 19

Strength, direction, and speed of the vocal tract in order to achieve articulatory movements for motor speech plan.

Muscle Specific

Front 20

Execution:

Back 20

Executing articulatory vocal tract movements. Producing meaningful acoustic signals.

Front 21

Who created the Information Processing Model of Verbal Formulation/Production?

Back 21

Bock. Modified by Kent.

Front 22

First Stage?

Back 22

Cognitive (Pre-Linguistic)

Front 23

Describe cognitive level.

Back 23

Access thoughts and ideas to be able to communicate in a social context. An abstract idea.

Front 24

What disorders are associated with cognitive level?

Back 24

Cognition Disorder: Impairment of thoughts, ideas, and pragmatics
-Difficulty accessing concepts
-Difficulty with executive functions: reasoning, problem-solving, sequencing, judging

Front 25

Level 2:

Back 25

Syntax (Linguistic): Establish word order structure for sentence.

Front 26

Disorders associated with syntax?

Back 26

Linguistic Disorder: Sentence construction errors

Front 27

Level 3?

Back 27

Semantics (Linguistic): Access word meanings in your lexicon.

Front 28

Disorders associated with semantics?

Back 28

Linguistic Disorders: Word concept access errors

Front 29

Stage 4?

Back 29

Phonologic (Linguistic)

Front 30

Describe phonologic level:

Back 30

1. Access phonological forms associated with word meanings in lexicon
2. Select phonemes for the intended word
3. Ensure phonemes are in correct order (syntax)
4. Translate sequences of phonemes into intended allophonic forms

Front 31

Disorders associated with phonologic level?

Back 31

Linguistic Disorder: Phonologic Impairment: Sound storage, access, selection, activation errors.

Could lead to aphasia, DLD, SLI, phonological disorder

Front 32

Stage 5?

Back 32

Phonetic: Motor Planning
(Bridge between phonological and articulation)

Front 33

Disorder of Motor Speech Planning?

Back 33

Speech Planning Disorder: Apraxia of Speech

Front 34

Stage 6?

Back 34

Motor Programming (Speech/Articulation)

Front 35

Disorder associated with motor speech programming?

Back 35

Articulation Disorder: Dysarthria: Faulty programming and execution of speech due to neuromuscular imapirment

Front 36

With which other rule systems of language is phonology linked?

Back 36

1. Syntax: word order: form, structure
2. Semantics: word meaning: content, form
3. Morphology: morphemes: form, structure
4. Pragmatics: language in a social context

Front 37

Are impairments in phonology linked to other rule systems in children with phonological disorders?

Back 37

Yes. Phonology doesn't act solely by itself. It interacts with other aspects of language.

Front 38

A person's lexicon is linked to...

Back 38

Phonological form

Front 39

Morphosyntax is often impaired in...

Back 39

Clusters with bound morphemes

Front 40

What is meant byTraditional Phonetic Description?

Back 40

1. Manner (type of closure)
2. Place (location of constriction)
3. Voicing

Front 41

Manners of Articulation

Back 41

Stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, lateral, glides

Front 42

Stop

Back 42

Complete blockage of vocal tract

Front 43

Fricative

Back 43

Narrow constriction of vocal tract

Front 44

Affricate

Back 44

Combination of stop and fricative

Front 45

Nasals

Back 45

Open velopharyngeal port

Front 46

Lateral

Back 46

Lingua-alveolar closure at the midline, but no closure at the sides of the tongue.

Front 47

Glide

Back 47

Have a gradually changing articulatory shape

Front 48

Place of Articulation:

Back 48

Bilabial, Labiodental, Interdental, Alveolar, Palatal, Palatoalveolar, Velars, Glottal

Front 49

What are suprasegmentals?

Back 49

Characteristics that involve larger units: syllables, words, phrases, sentences.