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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phonetic alphabet
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a separate alphabet with symbols that represents sounds
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phonetics
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study of characteristics of human speech sounds
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vocal folds
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vocal cords
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voiceless
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-vocal folds spread apart
and -the air from lungs passes between them unimpended |
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voiced
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-when vocal folds are drawn together
-air from lungs repeatedly pushes folds/chords apart as it passes through therefore -creating a vibration effect (can feel in adam's apple of finger slightly in ear) |
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3 things to describe a consonant
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1. point of articulation
2. manner of articulation 3. voiced/voiceless |
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bi
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both
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labia
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lip
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bilabial
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sounds formed using both upper and lower lips
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bilabial sounds
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[p]-voiceless
[b],[m]-voiced [w] |
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labiodental
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sounds formed using upper teeth and lower lip
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labiodental sounds
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[f]-voicelss
[v]-voiced |
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dentals
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sounds formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth
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dental sounds
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[θ]-th, 'theta,' three, voiceless
[ð]-th, 'eth,'there, voiced |
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interdentals
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sometimes used for [θ] and [ð] WHEN they are pronounced with tongue tip between upper and lower teeth
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alveolars
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sounds formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
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alveolar sounds
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[t],[s]-voiceless
[d],[z],[n]-voiced |
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other alveolars
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[l]-lap, lit
[r]-right, write |
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palatals
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aka-alveo-palatals
sounds formed with the tongue and the hard palate |
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palatal sounds
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[ʃ]-voiceless, shoe
[ʈʃ]-voicelss, church [ʒ]-voiced, treasure/pleasure [dʒ]-voiced, joke/gem [j]-you/yet |
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velars
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sounds formed with the back of the tongue against the velum
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velum
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the soft palate (behind hard palate)
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velar sounds
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[k]-voicelss
[g], [ŋ]-voiced |
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name of [ŋ]
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angma
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glottal
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sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth
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glottal sound
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[h]-voiceless, have/house
usually described as voiceless glottal glottis is open AND there's no manipulation of the air passing out of the mouth |
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glottis
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space between vocal folds in larynx
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-V
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voiceless
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+V
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voiced
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left side of consonant chart
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manner of articulation
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3 ways to describe vowel
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1. round?
2. front-back 3. high-low |
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uvula
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little grape hanging at end of velum
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pharyngeals
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produced in pharynx
occur in languages like Arabic |
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manner of articulation
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way sounds are produced
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stop
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consonant sound resulting from a blocking/stopping effect on the air stream
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stop sounds
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[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
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description of [t]
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voiceless alveolar stop
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sometimes only ------ is used to describe a sound
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manner of articulation
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fricative sounds
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[f],[v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ]
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fricative
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blockage of air stream
AND air pushes through very narrow opening THEREFORE a type of friction is produced so, place hand in front of mouth and feel air |
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affricate
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combine brief stopping of air stream with obstructed release
WHICH causes some friction |
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affricate sounds
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[ʈʃ]-voiceless
[dʒ]-voiced |
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nasals
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velum is lowered
AND air stream allowed to flow out through nose |
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nasal sounds
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[m],[n], [ŋ]
ALL VOICED |
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Most sounds are
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produced orally
with velum raised THEREFORE preventing airflow from entering nasal cavity |
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liquid sounds
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[l], [r]
BOTH VOICED |
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[l]
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lateral liquid
sound formed by letting air stream flow around sides of tongue AS tip of tongue makes contact with the middle of the alveolar ridge |
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[r]
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sound formed with the tongue tip raised and curled back near the alveolar ridge
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glides
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sometimes called 'semi-vowels'
sound typically produced with the tongue in motion -or gliding- to or from the position of a vowel |
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glide sounds
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[w], [j]
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approximants
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sometimes:
liquids-[l], [r] and glides-[w],[j] are combined into this category |
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glottal stop
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[ʔ]
sound produced when space between vocal folds (glottis) is closed completely and briefly THEN released |
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glottal examples
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oh-oh
uh-uh (meaning "no") or Batman/Harry Potter said quickly :-) |
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flap
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[D] (or sometimes [a small r with no top left tip)
produced by tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge BRIEFLY Americans tend to flap [t], [d] butter = budder |
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vowel
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sounds that are produced with a relatively free flow of air
typically voiced the way the tongue influences the shape through which the airflow must pass |
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the space inside the mouth has
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front vs. back
and high versus low |
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high front vowel
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sound made with front part of tongue in a raised position
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low back vowel
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sound produced with tongue in lower position
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sounds of relaxation/pleasure
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lower vowels
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terminology for describing vowels
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based on position in chart
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dipthongs
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sounds that consist of a combination of two vowels
vocal organs move from one vocalic position [a] to another [I] like 'hi' 'bye' |
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typically used as first sounds of dipthongs in American English
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[e], [a], [o]
note: usually used as only single sounds in other languages |
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schwa
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[ə]
unstressed used in casual speech more than any other single sound |
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wedge
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[ʌ]
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example of voiceless stop
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pork
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example of voiced fricative
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that
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voiceless affricate
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cheap
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high round back vowel
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oops
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describe 'h'
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voiceless
glottal |
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hæt
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hat
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t
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voiceless
alveolar |
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æ
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not rounded
front vowel low vowel |
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transcribe boy
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[bɔɪ]
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transcribe buy
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[baj]
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transcribe bough
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[baʊ]
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