Phonetics Exam 2

Front 1

What are the three parameters used to define consonants

Back 1

manner, place, voicing

Front 2

Define maner of articulation

Back 2

air stream or sound stream into the mouth; how the sound of air is handled by the articulator

Front 3

plosive

Back 3

comes from the explosion of air

Front 4

nasal

Back 4

only sound where we use our nasal cavity

Front 5

fricative

Back 5

friction like quality- often times with continuance

Front 6

approximant

Back 6

counsonant sound characterized by movement; no specific place of articulation

Front 7

lateral approximant

Back 7

air stream comes out sides, tongue doesn't quite touch roof

Front 8

define voicing

Back 8

prescence or absence of the vibration of vocal folds during production of a phoneme

Front 9

when do vocal folds vibrate

Back 9

during voiced sounds

Front 10

We can often use voicing to help us teach children/adults what concept

Back 10

tactile sensation

Front 11

define place of articulation

Back 11

place in the mouth used to pronounce consonants which structures are involved in production

Front 12

bilabial

Back 12

using both lips

Front 13

labiodental

Back 13

using lower lip and upper central and later incisors

Front 14

dental

Back 14

placing tonuge between the upper and lower central and later incisors

Front 15

alveolar

Back 15

placing tongue tip on alveolar ridge

Front 16

retroflex

Back 16

tongue curled so tip points toward velum

Front 17

palatal

Back 17

tongue tip placed on hard palate

Front 18

velar

Back 18

movement of muscles of velum

Front 19

uvular

Back 19

movement of uvula

Front 20

pharyngeal

Back 20

movement of muscles in pharyngeal area

Front 21

glottal

Back 21

movement of air through glottis

Front 22

What is the glottal stop

Back 22

area between vocal folds that cognate an h sound (mitten)

Front 23

define the term cognate and give an example

Back 23

consonants that appear in pairs of two sounds in same manner in same place but voicing is different (one is voiced and one is not)

Front 24

the use of medial /t/ is one of the distinguishing factors between British and GAP phonetics. How do we pronounce it in the GAP

Back 24

t-->d: butter--> budder

Front 25

define phoneme vs. allophone

Back 25

phoneme- smallest unit of sound /s/
allophone- individual variation of the phoneme

Front 26

what do we mean by explosion phase of the /p/, /t/ and /k/

Back 26

The part of the pronunciation that has more emphasis

Front 27

Do we generally repeat a double /p/ spelling into phonetics

Back 27

we don't repeat any double consonants

Front 28

what other phonemes do we use to replace medial /t/

Back 28

we use d or t or glottal in specific situations

Front 29

why do we use the eng before the /k/

Back 29

it is difficult to go from n-->k so we use the eng k

it is easy to co articulate

Front 30

do we use the eng before the /g/

Back 30

not often but sometimes with certain dialects

Front 31

what are the three nasal phonemes

Back 31

n, m, eng

Front 32

what consonant is easiest to produce

Back 32

n

Front 33

what are some /n/ blends and what is important about them

Back 33

pn, mn, sn, kn, gn

most of the time if a consonant comes before n it is silent (exception:snow)

Front 34

what about /mn/

Back 34

??

Front 35

which 'i' is used before the eng

Back 35

I it is just a rule

Front 36

what are the nine fricative phonemes

Back 36

f, v, theta, eth, s, z, sh, h, yogh

Front 37

what is the fricative sound

Back 37

glottal--> it is just a noise

Front 38

why do we seldomly remediate the /v/ sound

Back 38

very uncommon in children's vocabulary

Front 39

what languages use the "th" version

Back 39

it is commonly found in the english language

Front 40

in the initial position the theta is usually used in what time of words? and the eth?

Back 40

theta- initial content words and words ending in -th
eth- filler words and words ending in - --the

Front 41

What phonemes are used to form the plural

Back 41

/z/ and /s/

Front 42

when is the glottal used acceptably? If it is overused what is it a sign of?

Back 42

mitten, replaces the medial t and over-use happens with kids with fluency issues and it is a sign of bad control of the soft palate

Front 43

what are the 4 reasons /s/ is so difficult to produce

Back 43

1. it can be confused with z
2. it is used often
3. 8 muscles are used
4. involves dental structure

Front 44

how are regular plurals formed in GAP

Back 44

/s/ and /z/

Front 45

What are the two positions of the /s/

Back 45

alveolar ridge and behind bottom teeth (depending on the placement of the s in a word)

Front 46

which is usually easier to produce a voiced or voiceless cognate

Back 46

voiced is always easier

Front 47

what is the name for the sh

Back 47

esh

Front 48

what is important about the yogh

Back 48

It is used in only a few words, it is a French sound, and it is only medial or final

Front 49

Where is the /h/ formed?

Back 49

far down the glottis

Front 50

what are the various approximants

Back 50

/ (r) /, /l/, /j/, /w/

Front 51

what do we mean by a comination phoneme

Back 51

there are two places of articulation

ex. Labiodental

Front 52

When do we use the inverted w

Back 52

in very formal speech not in the vernacular `

Front 53

why do we often substitute the w for the inverted w

Back 53

it is easier to pronounce in the vernacular

Front 54

define an affricate and list the two common ones

Back 54

close combination of 2 consonants

the symbol for j and the symbol for ch

Front 55

what are the most frequently misarticulated phonemes

Back 55

/s/, /r/, /l/

Front 56

A dipthong is to a vowel is a ______ is to a consonant

Back 56

affricate

Front 57

are the 2 'w' cognates

Back 57

no they are not cognates

Front 58

what letter does the /j/ replace

Back 58

y

Front 59

what is signficiant about how approximants are produced

Back 59

require fine muscle characterized by movement. The main approximant sounds are /j/ /w/ /r/ /l/

Front 60

What are the sibilant phonemes

Back 60

s and z, sh and yogh, ch and j

Front 61

Why are sibilants important to us as SLPs

Back 61

If one is flawed the other one has an issue too

Front 62

how is the "g" usually represented in phonetics

Back 62

d(yogh), or g

Front 63

What doe we mean by primary and secondary stress

Back 63

part of the word taht is ost prominent

Front 64

what are accent marks

Back 64

signifies part of word that gets stressed

Front 65

what vowels can be used in unstressed syllables

Back 65

schwa, I, schwa with wings (er)

Front 66

what are the levels of stress we are indicating in class

Back 66

primary, secondary, or none

Front 67

what is the difference between spondee and compound words

Back 67

spondee- always only two syllable compound with equal stress on both words
compound- may have more than two syllables

Front 68

Do we ever stress a suffix?

Back 68

NEVER!

Front 69

Explain the parts of a word

Back 69

prefix, body, suffix

Front 70

what is a partially voiced "t"

Back 70

closer to the middle more like a d than a t and it is used more in American English