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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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b |
voiced bilabial stop |
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p |
voiceless bilabial stop |
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m |
voiced bilabial nasal |
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w |
voiced bilabial glide |
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f |
voiceless labiodental fricative |
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v |
voiced labiodental fricative |
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θ |
"both" voiceless interdental fricative |
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ð |
"the" voiced interdental fricative |
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t |
voiceless alveolar stop |
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d |
voiced alveolar fricative |
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s |
voiceless alveolar fricative |
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z |
voiced alveolar fricative |
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n |
voiced alveolar nasal |
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l |
voiced alveolar liquid |
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ʃ |
"show" voiceless palatal fricative |
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ʒ |
"measure" voiced palatal fricative |
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tʃ |
"chew" voiceless palatal affricate |
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dʒ |
"judge" voiced palatal affricate |
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r |
voiced palatal liquid |
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y |
voiced palatal glide |
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k |
voiceless velar stopg |
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g |
voiced velar stop |
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ŋ |
"ing" voiced velar nasal |
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h |
voiceless glottal fricative |
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production of consonants |
vocal tract constrictions that modify breath stream coming from larynx -two articulators come together to modify the flow of air |
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primary articulator of consonants |
the tongue |
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sound source for vowels |
vocal folds (voicing) |
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sonorants |
consonants with vowel like qualities, less constriction and voiced -nasals, glides, liquids |
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sound source for some consonants is... |
turbulence |
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obstruents |
formed by turbulence created at point of constriction in the oral cavity made by articulators (less vowel like) -stop, fricative, affricate -resonance occurs in the portion of vocal tract anterior to constriction |
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second sound source for consonants |
for voiced obstruents, the vibrating vocal folds create a second sound source |
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frequency of vowels |
low freq, relatively low pitch (sonorants are characterized as low pitch as well) |
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frequency of consonants |
high freq, relatively high pitch |
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consonants must be paired with... |
a vowel. they do not have the ability to stand alone (generally found at end/beginning of sentence) |
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prevocalic consonant |
consonant that comes before a vowel |
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postvocalic consonant |
consonant that comes after a vowel |
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intervocalic |
consonant that comes in between two vowels |
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manner |
how consonants are produced (stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, glides, nasals) |
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place of articulation |
where in the vocal tract is the constriction located for a specific consonant |
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bilabial articulators |
upper and lower lips |
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labiodental articulators |
lower lip and upper teeth |
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dental articulators |
tongue apex and teeth |
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alveolar articulators |
tongue apex and alveolar ridge |
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palatal articulators |
blade of tongue and hard palate |
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velar articulators |
back of tongue and velum |
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glottal articulators |
vocal folds |
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stops |
completely obstruct airstream once it enters oral cavity -most obstructed manner of creating a consonant -intraoral pressure increases then is released, causing a burst of air |
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intraoral pressure |
air pressure within oral cavity |
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aspiration |
occurs during production of voiceless stops, noise burst that follows release of the stop |
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homorganic |
phonemes that share the same place of articulation |
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cognates |
phonemes that differ by only one |
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alveolar tap |
allophone of /t/ and /d/ -better, madder, stutter, huddle, matted |
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glottal stop |
allophone of /t/ -generally occurs in the last syllable of words -Atlanta, hat |
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nasals |
produced with velum lowered so air is let into nasal cavity |
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fricatives |
produced by forcing breath stream throw a narrow channel/constriction in the vocal tract -turbulence |
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sibilants |
alveolar and palatal fricatives (most intense) |
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non sibilants |
less intense fricatives (interdentals, labiodentals and h) |
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affricate |
combination of stop/fricatives -tongue tip touches palate and there is a release of intraoral pressure |
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approximants |
glides/liquids |
