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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alveolar ridge |
The bony ridge immediately behind the upper teeth, used for more consonant sounds than any other place of articulation |
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Filter |
The structures that shape acoustic energy into recognizable speech sounds (pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity) |
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Larynx |
The voicebox |
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Nasal cavity |
The space in the vocal tract above the palate |
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Oral cavity |
The space in the vocal tract occupied by the tongue |
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Palate |
A.k.a. Hard palate - front portion of the mouth. Consonantal constriction place between post-alveolar region and the velum (soft palate) |
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Pharynx |
The space in the vocal tract behind the tongue, between larynx and the oral and nasal cavities |
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Source |
The structures which generate acoustic energy for speech (generally diaphragm, lungs + larynx) |
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Velum |
The soft palate; a place for consonantal articulation, may be lowered to the nasal passage for nasal sounds or raised to close it of for oral sounds |
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Vocal folds |
The paired mucous-covered muscular/ligamental structures in the larynx responsible for voicing (aka 'vocal cords'). |
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Affricate |
Articulation manner: A plosive followed by a fricative at the same articulation spot |
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Alveolar |
Articulation place: Tongue tip approaches alveolar ridge |
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Alveopalatal |
Articulation place: Tongue blade/body makes constriction between alveolar ridge and the palate |
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Approximant |
Articulation manner: Partial constriction, no turbulant airflow |
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Bilabial |
Articulation place: Both lips come together |
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Dental |
Articulation place: Tongue tip moves to or between teeth |
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Fricative |
Articulation manner: Nearly blocking airflow through oral cavity, leaving a narrow opening through which airflow becomes turbulent and hissy |
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Glottal |
Articulation place: Constriction at the glottis |
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Glottal stop |
Glottis, including vocal folds, held tightly together |
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Labiodental |
Articulation place: Lower lip approaching upper teeth |
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Vowel |
Articulation manner: Minimal constriction of vocal tract |
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Aspiration |
Progressive voicing assimilation, where voicelessness carries on from a voiceless sound to the normally voiced following sound. In English, happens never when consonant ends the word. |
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Assimilation |
One sound property spreads forwards to the following sound (progressive) or backward to the preceding sound (regressive) |
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Deletion |
Sound that would normally be pronounced is left out |
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Dissimilation |
One of a pair of similar sounds becomes more unlike its neighbour |
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Epenthesis |
Sound is inserted that would not normally be produced |
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Metathesis |
Two sounds change position |
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Nasalization |
Regressive nasal assimilation, from nasal consonant to preceding vowel |
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Spoonerism |
A type of metathesis where the change results in different words, often generating a humorous unintended message |
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Tapping |
In English, a [t] or [d] sound becomes a tap between a stressed syllable nucleus and a following unstressed syllable nucleus |
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Vowel reduction |
In English, certain vowels, when not stressed, become mid-central (schwa) |
