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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Suprasegmentals
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Characteristics that go beyond the identification of a series of phones; aspects that go above segments/phones
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Prosody
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Linguistic use of pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm
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Intonation
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Pertains to pitch changes and stress patterns
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Rhythm
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The perceived regularity of prominent units in speech;
patterns of stress |
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Foot
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Basic unit of rhythm
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Trochaic
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ONE-two
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Iambic
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one-TWO
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Pause
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Over 100 msec, 200 msec is really notable
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Speaking rate & speech
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The faster the speaking rate, the more deletions occur, and the more articulatory movements are reduced
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Tone
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Use of pitch for contrastive purposes; not distinctive use in English
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Paralinguistic features
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Emotional state
Speech style Voice quality |
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Diacritics
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Special symbols used to mark phonetic details or segmental notiation
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Coarticulation
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Articulation in which sounds overlap to a certain extent; overlapping or simultaneous articulation
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Assimilation
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The influence of one sound on the articulation of another, so that the sounds become more alike
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Regressive assimilation
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Anticipatory, most common
ten pens -> tem penz |
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Progressive assimilation
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Retentive
mi -> mi~ |
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Coalescent
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Reciprocal
got you -> gatcha |
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Stress
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Correlates - Duration, intensity, fundamental frequency
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Contrastive stress
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I want THAT vs. I want that.
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Lexical stress
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CONvict vs. conVICT
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Primary stress
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Apostrophe above main stress nucleus
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Nasalization
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Tilde above letter
For vowels before and after vowel |
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Velarization
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Tilde across L
Usually if not in initial position |
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Palatalization
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Little j superscript above letter
as you -> aez^j you In fast speech, may turn into complete assimilation in which case the new sound would become a new symbol |
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Labialization of consonants
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Consonants may be labialized before [w] or a round vowel
squeak -> s^wkwik school -> sk^wu:l |
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Aspiration
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Superscript h
After p, t, k generally if unvoiced stop is sole coda of a syllable |
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Unreleased
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No stop burst after stop consonants
Generally occurs for word-final stops |
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Lateral release
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Lateral release of a consonant
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Partial devoicing
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Voiced consonant becomes devoiced
Word-final stops tend to be devoiced |
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Partial voicing
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Unvoiced consonants become partially voiced
Voiceless consonants between vowels |
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Syllabic consonants
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Liquids and nasals become symbol nuclei if preceding vowel is deleted
Just like primary stress, but reverse the top to the bottom |
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Creaky voice
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Tildes below
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Breathy voice
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Two dots below
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Lengthening
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Refers to longer duration
Colon |
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Rhoticity
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r-coloring
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