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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the six components in the Chain of Infection?
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• Infectious Agent (bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses)
• Reservoir (humans, animals, insects, fomites, blood/body fluids) • Portal of Exit (nose, mouth, mucous membranes, specimen collection) • Means of Transmission (droplet, airborne, contact, vector, vehicle) • Portal of Entry (same as portal of entry) • Susceptible Host (patients, elderly, newborns, immunodeficiency people) |
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Fomite
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Any lifeless object with bacteria.
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Nosocomial
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infection acquired in the hospital.
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Health - care acquired infection (HAI)
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infection contact by a patient as the result of a hospital stay or an outpatient procedure.
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Universal Precautions
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guideline stating that all patients are capable of transmitting bloodborne disease.
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What PPE is encountered by phlebotomist?
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• Gloves
• Gowns • Masks, goggles, face shields, and respirators |
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Applying PPE
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• Step 1: the gown is put on first and tied at the neck and waste.
•Step 2: Place face protection over the nose and mouth. • Step 3: Masks with ties are fastened first at the top, adjusted to the nose and mouth, tied at the neck and refitted. Masks with straps are fitted to the nose and mouth. The mask is held in place with one hand while the other hand places the straps over the head and a final adjustment is made. • Step 4: When needed, goggles and face shields are put on after the mask and adjusted for fit. (respirators are individually fitted for the wearer and are donned just prior to entering the room.) • Step 5: Gloves are donned last and securely pulled over the cuffs of the gown. |
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Removing PPE
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• Step 1: Gloves are the most contaminated. They are removed first.
• Step 2: The first glove is pulled off using the gloved hand so that it will end up inside out in the still gloved hand. • Step 3: Remove the second glove by sliding the ungloved finger inside the glove of the other hand and remove the glove without touching the outside of the glove. • Step 4: Dispose of gloves in a biohazard container. • Step 5: Untied the gown and remove it by touching only the inside of the gown. • Step 6: Dispose of the gown in a biohazard container. • Step 7: Remove the mask touching only the ties or bands. • Step 8: Unfasten the lower tie first so that the mask will not fall forward while removing the lower tie. Dispose of the mask in a biohazard container. |
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Hand washing technique
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• Step 1: Wet hands with warm water. Do not allow parts of the body to touch the sink.
• Step 2: Apply soap preferably antimicrobial. • Step 3: Rub to form a lather, create friction, and loosen debris. Thoroughly clean between the fingers and under the fingernails for at least 20 seconds; include thumbs and wrists in the cleaning. • Step 4: Rinse hands in a downward position to prevent recontamination of hands and wrists. • Steps 5: Obtain paper towel from dispenser. • Step 6: Dry hands with paper towel. • Step 7: Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination. |
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Hands should always be washed:
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- before patient contact
- when gloves are removed - before leaving the work area - at any time when they have been knowingly contaminated - before going to designated break areas - before and after using bathroom facilities |
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Latex Allergy
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be alert for warning of latex allergy in patients and take appropriate precautions.
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Gown Criteria
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Gowns are worn to protect the clothing and skin of health - care workers from contamination by patient body substances and to prevent the transfer of microorganisms out of patient rooms.
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recommended disinfectant for blood and body fluid contamination
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1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite
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Transmission - based precautions isolations
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● Airborne- tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox
• need - mask/respirator ● Droplet- whooping cough, influenza, and scarlet fever • need- mask ● Contact- scabies, draining wounds, and herpes simples •need- gown and gloves |
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What is protective/reverse isolation
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Isolation is when the patient can infect others. Reverse isolation is when others can infect the patient (if the patient is immuno-compromised, like with leukemia, etc).
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When do you check the MSDS?
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When there are spill clean-up, emergency first aid, fire, explosion, health hazards.
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What are phlebotomy procedures in isolation?
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• bring only necessary phlebotomy equipment
• bring duplicate collection tubes • all supplies/PPE taken in must be left in the room. |
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When do you use alcohol-based sanitizers?
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Alcohol-based cleansers can be used when hands are not visibly contaminated.
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What does OSHA stand for??
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Occupational and Safety Health Administration.
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OSHA designed the Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan to?
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Protect health care workers from accidental exposure
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What immunization must be provided free of charge?
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Hepatitis B
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What area a phlebotomist who is pregnant should not collect from?
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radiation, x rays
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What does PASS refer to?
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fire extinguishers.
1. pull pin 2. aim at base of fire 3. squeeze handles 4. sweep nozzle, side to side |
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What does RACE refer to?
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Steps to follow when a fire is discovered.
1. Rescue- anyone in immediate danger 2. Alarm- activate the institutional fire alarm system 3. Contain- close all doors to potentially affected areas 4. Extinguish/Evacuate- extinguish the fire, if possible, or evacuate, closing the door. |
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What system is used by firefighters when a fire occurs?
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the Standard System for the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials. used to inform firefighters of the hazards they may encounter when fighting a fire in a particular area.
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What does an ABC fire extinguisher contain?
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dry chemicals
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Types of fires
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What languages medical terminology is primarily based?
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Greek and latin
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what is the most commonly used combining vowel and when is it not used??
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O, combining vowel is not used when the suffix already begins with a vowel.
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What does word roots usually refer to??
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body components
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What do you define first in a word?
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suffix (last part of the word)
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What's the purpose of combining form?
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facilitates pronunciation
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PRN
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as needed
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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dermatitis
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inflammation of the skin
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neurology
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Study of the nerves
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Oste/o
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skeletal
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mening/o
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nervous
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Nephr/o
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urinary
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Gastr/o
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digestive
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Gynec/o
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reproductive
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Coron/o
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circulatory
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Aden/o
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endocrine
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Immune/o
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lymphatic
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-gram
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written record
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-ostomy
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surgical opening
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-cyte
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cell
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-oma
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tumor
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-prandial
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meal
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-algia
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pain
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arthr/o
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joint
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my/o
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muscle
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cyan/o
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blue
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hyster/o
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uterus
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py/o
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pus
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necr/o
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death
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hem/o
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blood
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enter/o
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intestine
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lith/o
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stone
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patell/o
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knee cap
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Class A
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wood, paper, clothing
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Class B
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organic chemicals
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Class C
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electrical
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Class D
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combustible metal
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