Phlebotomy Ch. 1

Front 1

Advance Directive

Back 1

Document written before incapacitating illness, stipulating the kind of life-prolonging medical care permitted to the patient.

Hint 1

Living Will

Front 2

Centralized Phlebotomy

Back 2

Sample collection where the phlebotomist is part of the laboratory team and is dispatched to hospital units to collect blood samples.

Hint 2

worker bee

Front 3

Compatible

Back 3

Substances that can be mixed without reacting with one another.

Hint 3

H2O & NaCl

Front 4

Decentralized Phlebotomy

Back 4

Sample collection where all members of the health care team share responsibility to collect blood samples.

Hint 4

jack of all trades

Front 5

Demeanor

Back 5

The outward behavior of an individual.

Hint 5

ex: rude

Front 6

Esoteric

Back 6

Laboratory tests that are not routinely done. These tests are often sent to another laboratory that specializes in a specific test.

Hint 6

ex: drug testing

Front 7

Ethics

Back 7

Professional code of conduct in the treatment of patients. Ingrained in this is a moral philosophy of how the phlebotomist treats the patient.

Hint 7

Ex: Behave as if every patient were your own child.

Front 8

Examination (analytical phase)

Back 8

All processes that are done to perform the test(s) on the sample to achieve a result: Sample testing and maintaining testing equipment and reagents.

Front 9

Pathology

Back 9

Study of the nature and cause of disease.

Hint 9

bacterial, viral, genetic, etc.

Front 10

Phlebotomy

Back 10

Act or practice of bloodletting as a therapeutic or diagnostic measure.

Hint 10

ex: leeching

Front 11

Postexamination (postanalytical phase)

Back 11

Process in which the results of the testing are communicated to the healthcare provider: Reporting of results, ensuring accuracy and reliability of delivery of results, follow-up to repeat testing or address physician concerns.

Hint 11

"you have type II diabetes"

Front 12

Preexamination (preanalytical phase)

Back 12

All processes that it takes to collect the sample and get to the point in which the testing of the sample can occur: Patient ID, Correct sample collection, correct primary sample ID, Correct use of all equipment, sample prep or centrifugation, proper prep of sample aliquots, maintaining sample integrity until testing.

Hint 12

Plebotomist's scope of practice

Front 13

Qualitative Analysis

Back 13

The chemical analysis designed to identify the components of a substance. The results from this analysis are released as a positive (present) or negative (not present) result.

Hint 13

pregnancy test stick

Front 14

Quality Assurance

Back 14

Program that strives to have the health care facility guarantee that all areas are providing the highest quality and most appropriate level of care.

Hint 14

program

Front 15

Quality Control

Back 15

Methods to monitor processes and confirm that processes are within the preestablished limits.

Hint 15

methods

Front 16

Continuous Quality Improvement

Back 16

Review and monitoring of outcomes to strive toward continuous improvement in performance.

Hint 16

review

Front 17

Quantitative Analysis

Back 17

The analysis of a substance to determine the amount or proportions of the substance. Results will be released as an amount, such as grams per liter.

Hint 17

g/L

Front 18

Root Cause

Back 18

Analysis of an event to determine the actual reason for the incident and corrective action needed to prevent a recurrence.

Hint 18

"reduce your salt intake"

Front 19

Sentinel Event

Back 19

An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical and psychological injury.

Hint 19

spontaneous combustion

Front 20

Threshold

Back 20

Acceptable level of performance

Front 21

Venipuncture

Back 21

Collection of blood from a vein by penetrating the vein

Hint 21

phlebotomist's primary task

Front 22

Venesection

Back 22

An outdated method of bloodletting by which a sharp lancet-type instrument pierced the veins and let them bleed.

Hint 22

Ancient practice

Front 23

Cupping

Back 23

Another outdated method of bloodletting by which a heated glass cup was placed on a persons back. The created suction would pull blood to the capillaries. The area was then cut to cause massive bleeding.

Hint 23

Ancient practice

Front 24

Leeching

Back 24

A more modern method of bloodletting by which leeches would be applied to one's body to prevent disease. Still used today when reattaching amputated digits.

Front 25

Polycythemia Vera

Back 25

A condition where the blood contains too many (red) blood cells. Disease requires therapeutic phlebotomy (withdrawal of 500 ml) as treatment.

Hint 25

cyt (o)- cell

Front 26

Hemochromatosis

Back 26

A hereditary condition where the blood contains too much iron. Disease requires the use of therapeutic phlebotomy (withdrawal of 500 ml) as treatment.

Hint 26

chromat (o)- iron

Front 27

Phlebotomist's SOP

Back 27

Scope of practice includes: venipuncture, capillary collection, patient care, receptionist duties, sample processing, and computer work.

Front 28

Hybrid Phlebotomy

Back 28

A combination of centralized and decentralized phlebotomy where lab-based phlebotomists make early morning collections and a limited number of phlebotomists remain the rest of the day to help with difficult collections.

Hint 28

combination

Front 29

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

Back 29

A recording of impulses of the heart. Used to monitor patients with cardiovascular disease.

Hint 29

cardio- heart

Front 30

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 30

Records the electrical activity of the brain. Used for diagnosis of neurophysiological disorders.

Hint 30

encephal (o)- brain

Front 31

Administration

Back 31

Department of a hospital that keeps the hospital in compliance.

Front 32

Environmental Services

Back 32

Department of a hospital tasked with maintaining a clean facility.

Front 33

Food Service

Back 33

Department of a hospital that provides diets to patients.

Front 34

GI Laboratory

Back 34

Lab section that diagnoses gastrointestinal disorders.

Front 35

Laboratory

Back 35

Area of a hospital that provides testing for patient samples.

Front 36

Medical Records

Back 36

Area of a hospital that maintains patient records.

Front 37

Nursing

Back 37

Healthcare field that provides direct patient care.

Front 38

Occupational Therapy

Back 38

Healthcare field that provides therapy to help maintain living skills.

Front 39

Pharmacy

Back 39

Area of a hospital that dispenses drugs and advises on drug usage.

Front 40

Physical Therapy

Back 40

Healthcare field that provides therapy to restore mobility.

Front 41

Radiology

Back 41

Area of a hospital that uses images from devices such as MRI's and CT scans for diagnosis and treatment.

Front 42

Respiratory Therapy

Back 42

Healthcare field that provides therapy to evaluate the lungs.

Front 43

Speech Therapy

Back 43

Healthcare field that provides therapy to restore speech.

Front 44

Coronary Care Unit (CCU)

Back 44

Area of a hospital for increased care of a patient due to a heart condition.

Front 45

Emergency Department

Back 45

Area of a hospital for emergency treatment of patients.

Front 46

Geriatric

Back 46

Specialized care of elderly patients.

Front 47

Home Health Care

Back 47

Follow-up care of a patient at home.

Front 48

Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Back 48

Area of a hospital for increased care due to the critical needs of the patient.

Front 49

Neonatal

Back 49

Specialized care of newborns.

Front 50

Nephrology

Back 50

Area of a hospital for patients on dialysis (machines to assist the kidneys' functions).

Front 51

Obstetrics

Back 51

Specialized care of patients in labor of childbirth.

Front 52

Oncology

Back 52

Area of hospital for specialized care of patients with cancer.

Front 53

Orthopedic

Back 53

Specialized care of patients with broken bones.

Front 54

Pediatrics

Back 54

Specialized care of infants and children.

Front 55

Recovery

Back 55

Area of hospital for the recovery treatment of patients.

Front 56

Hematology

Back 56

Lab section that studies the blood in normal and diseased states. Usually limited to the study of cellular components and not the chemistry of blood. Types of tests include: CBC (complete blood cell count), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, sedimentation rate, body fluid cell count.

Front 57

Coagulation

Back 57

Lab section that studies blood clotting mechanisms as an aid in diagnosis or monitoring of patient therapy. Tests include: Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromoplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, factor VIII, fibrinogen assay, heparin level, von Willebrand factor (ristocetin).

Front 58

Urinalysis

Back 58

Lab section that studies urine to aid in patient diagnosis to follow the course of a disease or the body's metabolism. Test types: Urinalysis, reducing substance, urine pH, urine glucose.

Front 59

Chemistry

Back 59

Lab section that performs biochemical analysis of blood and body fluids to determine the status of a patient. Test types: comprehensive metabolic panel, iron studies, renal panel, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol.

Front 60

Microbiology

Back 60

Lab section that cultures samples to determine if pathogenic organisms are present in a sample and determines the organisms' sensitivity to antibiotics (culture and sensitivity) Test types: blood cultures, throat cultures, anaerobic cultures, urine cultures, parasite identification, stool culture, mycobacterial (tuberculosis) culture, virus cultures, fungal cultures, genital cultures, mycoplasma cultures, antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Hint 60

cultures

Front 61

Immunology

Back 61

Lab section that studies antigens and antibodies to determine immunity to disease or presence of disease. Test types: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, rubella, syphilis (rapid plasma reagin [RPR]), hepatitis testing.

Front 62

Immunohematology (blood bank)

Back 62

Lab section that determines compatibility of blood and blood products that are to be administered to patients. Test types: Compatibility testing, antibody screens or ABO, Rh determination.

Front 63

Cytogenetics

Back 63

Lab section that studies deficiencies related to genetic diseases. Test types: Chromosomes analysis, prenatal chromosome screening.

Front 64

Molecular Diagnostics

Back 64

Lab section that uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies to study the presence of various diseases or infections. Test types: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, HIV and other infectious diseases.

Front 65

Laboratory Staff Hierarchy

Back 65

1. Pathologist (8 yrs + residency)
2. Medical Lab Scientist (4 yrs)
3. Medical Lab Tech (2 yrs)
4. Phlebotomy Tech (licensed)
5. Cytotechnologist (4 yrs)
6. Histotechnologist (4yrs)

Front 66

Managed Care

Back 66

A complex system used to coordinate the providing of health services and of health benefits. HMO or PPO were developed from this system.

Front 67

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

Back 67

Health coverage where members are required to use only certain contracted physicians and hospitals for care.

Front 68

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

Back 68

Health coverage where members have more freedom to choose which contracted physicians and hospitals they go to but at a higher cost to the patient or employer.

Front 69

Patient Care Partnership 2003

Back 69

List of Patient rights created to show support of ethical treatment of patients. These rights include:
1. considerate & respectful care
2. receive understandable info
3. refuse recommended treatment
4. have an advanced directive
5. privacy
6. confidentiality
7. review their records
8. request specific physicians
9. info on hospital business relations
10. consent or decline studies of case
11. reasonable continuity of care
12. info on hospital policies of care

Front 70

The Joint Commission

Back 70

Sets standards of care to ensure quality and reliability of health care. Acts as a substitute for Medicare accreditation for a hospital based on inspectors findings of: patient care, verbal and written info to TJC, On-site observations, documents from healthcare organization.

Hint 70

Checks if an entire hospital meets all standards established.

Front 71

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Back 71

Check samples from labs for accuracy in tissue.

Front 72

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)

Back 72

international ageny that insures schools are up to par for accreditation.

Hint 72

education

Front 73

Clinical Laboratory Study Institute (CLSI)

Back 73

Create guidelines for blood sample standards.

Front 74

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) 1988

Back 74

Act requires ALL clinical labs to perform quality testing. Developed standardized testing for swab samples in 4 categories ranging from waived, to high-complexity. Designed to protect the patient from inaccurate lab results.

Front 75

Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)

Back 75

Regulate standards for safety in the workplace. Established to protect the employees.

Front 76

Six Sigma

Back 76

Quality control & assurance program designed to improve both quality and profitability of the laboratory using data and customer requirements to reduce errors by defects per million (DPM).

Front 77

Point of Care Testing

Back 77

Lab instrument is taken to the patient, testing is done in the room, and results are determined at the patient's bedside.

Front 78

Quality Self-Improvement Items For a Phlebotomist to Track

Back 78

1. response time (for inpatients)
2. patient waiting (for outpatients)
3. Time it takes to perform a procedure
4. Number of redraws for a sample
5. Number of incorrect tubes drawn
6. Number of patients requiring 2nd attempt
7. Number/size of hematomas