Phlebotomy Chp 6

Front 1

Cells

Back 1

Cells are the smallest living units in the body,For cells the raw materials includes oxygen from the air and food molecules such as sugars and amino acids, The product are often more complex molecules. such as hormones or protein.

Front 2

Muscle cell

Back 2

Muscle cell use up large amount of sugar and oxygen to power their own movement, and neurons (nerve cell). Use the same raw material to create electrical and chemical signals.

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

The nucleus contains DNA , DNA is arranged in functional units called genes, and genes are linked together in long strings called chromosomes, genes performed two functions. During the normal life of the cell, the act as blue print for making proteins. During cell reproduction, the act as the material of heredity, forming copies of themselves so that each new cell formed has a complete and identical set of blueprints.

Front 4

Defects in genes are responsible for hereditary diseases such as?

Back 4

Hemophilia and sickle cell disease

Front 5

All cells in the body begins with a?

Back 5

Nucleus, but red blood cells push out their's at maturity.

Front 6

Cytoplasm

Back 6

Cytoplasm refers to all the cellular material except plasma membrane and the nucleus. Cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Hint 6

Front 7

Plasma membrane

Back 7

The plasma member encloses the cells and tightly regulate the flow of materials in and out of it. Membranes are flexible, allowing cells to change shape if necessary. for instance, the red blood cell must squeeze through tiny capillaries that are thinner that it's normal diameter, a feat made possible by the flexibility of the membrane.

Front 8

The human body is composed of the following 4 basic type of tissue?

Back 8

Epithelial Tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue.

Front 9

Epithelial tissue

Back 9

Epithelial tissue forms flat sheets and is most often found on surfaces where exchanged with the environment takes place, such as the lining of the gut or where rapid regeneration must occur to protect internal structures, Such as the skin or the surface of the eye.

Hint 9

Front 10

Epithelium

Back 10

May contains glands, which produce and secrete substances such as saliva, sweat or insulin.

Front 11

Muscle tissue

Back 11

Muscle tissue is contractile, meaning it can shorten its length. Muscle cell contain long fibers of the proteins actin and myosin. Who's movements produce muscle contraction. muscle receive the stimulus a contract when the axon terminals of motor neurons

Front 12

The neurons releases a chemical called?

Back 12

A neurotransmitter

Front 13

Skeletal muscle or striated voluntary muscle

Back 13

Is the most Widespread type, constituting all the muscle that move the skeleton. Under the microscope, striated muscle had a striped appearance.

Front 14

Cardiac muscle, or striated involnuntary muscle

Back 14

Is found in the heart. It looks similar to skeletal muscle but have features that are unique to it. Cardiac muscle cells do not need stimulation by the nervous system to start a contraction. However, electrical stimulation is required to maintain the coordinate rhythm of the cells. This function is performed by the hearts physiologic pacemaker, found in the right atrium.

Front 15

Smooth muscle, nonstriated involuntary muscle

Back 15

Lines blood and lymph vessels within the body just bellow the epithelial tissue, such as around the gut, lungs, bladder, and circulatory and reproductive systems. Smooth muscle contraction of the passage of materials through the vessel. For instance, contraction of intestinal smooth muscle propels food along the digestive system. contraction of smooth muscles surrounding veins constricts the vessel, the decreased flow through the vein. smooth muscle also is found in the skin, come one where it is responsible for hair erection.

Front 16

Nerve tissue

Back 16

Nerve tissue is specialized for intercellular communication by the conduction of electrical impulses and release of chemical messages. Nerve tissue is compose of neurons and neurological cells.

Front 17

Nerouns are found?

Back 17

In the brain and spinal cord and throughout the body.

Front 18

Neuroglial cells

Back 18

Nourish and support neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Front 19

The are 3 major portions of the neuron are?

Back 19

Dentrite

Cell body

Axon

Front 20

Axons are insulated by a fatty sheath of?

Back 20

Myelin

Front 21

One neuron conveys information to another by realizing a chemical call a?

Back 21

Neutronsmitter

Front 22

Connective tissue

Back 22

The general function of connective tissue is the bind and support the other 3 types of tissue. connective tissue is characterized by a relative scarcity of cells and the relative abundance of extracellular ground substance secreted by the cells. Connective tissue is ground substance is collagen, impregnated with mineral crystals. Blood is also a connective tissue, with plasma as its ground substance.

Front 23

Muscle tissue occurs in 3 forms

Back 23

Front 24

Ventral and Anterior refers to?

Back 24

The front surface of the body. Venipuncture is perform on the ventral surface of the fore arm.

Front 25

Dorsal and posterior

Back 25

Refers to the back surface of the body. Hand venipuncture is usually perform on the dorsal surface of the hand.

Front 26

Lateral

Back 26

Means more towards the side away from the body's central axis.

Front 27

Medial

Back 27

Means more toward the middle.

Front 28

Distal means?

Back 28

Farther from the point of origin of the structure in question. The elbow is distal to the shoulder.

Front 29

Proximal means?

Back 29

Closer to the point of attachment.

Front 30

Inferior means?

Back 30

Bellow, the mouth is inferior to the nose.

Front 31

Superior means

Back 31

Above. The eyebrow are superior to the eyes.

Front 32

Prone means?

Back 32

Lying on the abdomen with the face down.

Front 33

Supine means?

Back 33

Lying on the back with face up. Patient may be in supine position during venipuncture if they are like to faint.

Front 34

Flexion refers to?

Back 34

A movement that bends a joint.

Front 35

Extension

Back 35

Straighten the joint.

Front 36

Abduction

Back 36

Is a movement that takes a body part farther from the central axis.

Front 37

Adduction

Back 37

Bring it closer.

Front 38

Body planes

Back 38

Depicting internal organs Is often best done slicing through them to make a section.

Front 39

Sagittal plane:

Back 39

A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right

Front 40

Frontal plane:

Back 40

A vertical plane dividing the body into front and back.

Front 41

Transverse plane:

Back 41

A horizontal plane dividing the body into top and bottom

Front 42

Body cavities?

Back 42

Body cavities are spaces within the body that contains major organ system. there are 2 large body cavities: the ventral cavity and the dorsal cavity, these are subdivided into to form the 8 major body cavities.

Hint 42

Front 43

Ventral cavities subdivision

The ( Thoraic cavity)

Back 43

Contains the heart. ( within the pericardial cavity) and lungs (within the pleural cavity.

Front 44

The abdominal cavity

Back 44

Contains the stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and kidney ( all kidneys are within the peritoneal cavity) the PELVIC CAVITY contains the bladder, rectum, ovaries and testes.

Front 45

Dorsal cavity subdivision

Back 45

The CRANIAL CAVITY contains the brain, and the spinal cavity and the spinal cord.

Front 46

The body act to maintain?

Back 46

Hemostasis, or the dynamic steady state we think of when refer to good health.

Front 47

Witch test detected early pregnancy?

Back 47

(hCG) human chorionic gonadotropin tests.

Front 48

Bone is formed by?

Back 48

Osteoblasts.

Front 49

The two bones are held together with?

Back 49

Ligaments.

Front 50

Muscle attach to the skeleton by means?

Back 50

Tendons

Front 51

The integumentary system?

Back 51

Forms the outer covering of the body and includes the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

Front 52

Is responsible for the absorption of nutrients into and the elimination of waste from the digestive tract?

Back 52

Digestive System

Front 53

Smooth muscle of the esophagus constrict in wave like motion called?

Back 53

Peristalsis

Front 54

The entire structure, from glomerulus to collecting duct, is known as?

Back 54

Nephron.

Front 55

Comprises the glands and other tissues that produce hormones.?

Back 55

Endocrine system

Front 56

It is often called the master gland of the endocrine system?

Back 56

Pituitary Gland

Front 57

The testes produce testosterone?

Back 57

Gonads