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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 reasons patients are placed in isolation:
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1. To isolate the disease process to the patient's room.
2.To protect the patient from outside contamination. |
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When should you most likely not enter a pt's isolation room?
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If you have, or have been exposed to, a contagious disease.
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What is put on a pt's isolation room door?
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An information card: may be color-coded, describes type of isolation & precautions to be taken if entering.
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What are the different section names for isolation?
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Tier 1 and Tier 2
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What is an example of a precaution that could be taken for entering an isolation room?
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The "Three-minute Scrub"
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What position should a patient be in if he/she has a Hx of fainting during blood draws?
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Lying down
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What do you do if a seated pt feels faint?
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The needle should be removed and the head lowered btwn the legs and the pt should breathe deeply. If possible, ask for help moving pt to a lying position. Stay w/ pt until recovered (seated or lying down). Wet towel gently applied to forehead, or glass of water, may help.
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Diversion tactic during blood draws:
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Talking to the pt's (reassures and diverts attention from collection procedure)
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Factors causing one to "miss the vein" :
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Not inserting needle deep enough, inserting the needle all the way thru the vein, holding the needle bevel against the vein wall, or losing the vacuum in the tube.
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Test tube possible malfunctions:
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Has no vacuum, or tube leakage after a puncture.
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What is it called when blood has leaked into the tissues?
What results? |
*Hematoma
*The area around the puncture site starts to swell. |
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What can cause a hematoma when drawing?
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When the needle has gone completely thru the vein, the bevel opening is partially in the vein, or when not enough pressure is applied to the site after puncture.
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If hematoma begins to form:
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Immediately remove the tourniquet and needle and apply pressure to the area.
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Obese patient's veins are generally:
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Difficult to visualize and palpate.
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Probing excessively with the needle can cause:
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rupture of RBCs, increased concentration of intracellular contents, and release of some tissue clotting factors.
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If a pt has an IV line in their right hand, where should venipuncture occur, and why?
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On the opposite arm of the inserted IV; because the specimen will be diluted with IV fluid.
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Sometimes possible to disconnect the IV line in a patient's arm your'e withdrawing from and do what?
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Draw blood from the needle that is already inserted. (First few mL of specimen should be discarded & a note must be made on the lab requisition form.
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What situation would make veins not allow blood to flow thru?
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Obstructed or occluded veins.
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What type of veins result from inflammation and disease of the interstitial substances?
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Sclerosed or hardened.
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Repeatedly often punctured veins can become
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scarred and feel very hard when palpated. (these sites should be avoided, blood is not easily collected here)
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If a specimen is grossly hemolyzed, the serum appears:
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very dark red
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Hemolysis can be caused by improper phlebotomy techniques such as:
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using a needle that is too small, pulling a syringe plunger back too fast expelling the blood vigorously into a tube, and shaking or mixing tubes too vigorously.
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If a syring plunger is w/drawn too quickly during venipuncture, it can also cause:
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the vein to collapse
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Very sensitive areas of the skin that are susceptible to infection and should be avoided during phlebotomy are:
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areas that have been burned or scarred.
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A phlebotomist should stop attempting a draw after which attempt?
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The second.
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One 5ml tube only holds about ______ of blood.
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1 tsp.
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3 tubes only equal about _______.
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1 Tbsp.
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A single 5ml tube of blood only equals about _________ of the blood in a patient's circulation.
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1/1000th
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If many repeated venipunctures have resulted in severe vein damage, or if pt's are burned or bandaged, the next ideal way to draw blood is:
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skin puncture
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Avoid skin punctures on fingers that are:
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cold, cyanotic (blue), swollen, or inflamed.
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True or False: Massage the long finger 5 or 6 times before puncturing
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True.
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When making a skin puncture, the cut should run _____ to the pt's fingerprint.
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Perpendicular
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The cut for a skin puncture should be made at the _____________.
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side of the ball of the finger.
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After puncturing the finger...
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wipe away the first drop of blood with gauze.
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True or False: Do not massage the area since this may contaminate the blood sample with tissue fluid.
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False. Do not SQUEEZE. Massage above the finger some more is okay.
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If a skin puncture is done, it should be noted on the __________ that the specimen was obtained via skin puncture.
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test request
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Skin punctures, if possible, should be done on the left or right hand?
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They should be done on the non-dominant hand.
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When doing a heel puncture on a baby for a capillary blood gas sample collection, what preparation should be taken.
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Prewarming the infant's heel (42 degree for 3-5min)
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After puncturing an infant's heel and obtaining the necessary specimen:
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Place a piece of gauze over the puncture site, hold firmly, and elevate the infant's heel until bleeding has stopped.
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True or False: Massage the long finger 5 or 6 times before puncturing
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True.
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When making a skin puncture, the cut should run _____ to the pt's fingerprint.
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Perpendicular
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The cut for a skin puncture should be made at the _____________.
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side of the ball of the finger.
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After puncturing the finger...
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wipe away the first drop of blood with gauze.
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True or False: Do not massage the area since this may contaminate the blood sample with tissue fluid.
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False. Do not SQUEEZE. Massage above the finger some more is okay.
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**** The principles of right and wrong conduct as they apply to professional problems are...
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the "ethics" for that profession.
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The ideal of behavior in the health care field for physicians is in the :
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Hippocratic Oath
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What was established in 1978 to recognize the phlebotomist as a distinctive and identifiable part of the allied health team?
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The National Phlebotomy Association (also offers certification examination)
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