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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which additive prevents glycolysis?
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sodium fluoride
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which tubes would you use to collect serum? (color, additive)
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red top, SST
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How does the anticoagulant in the green stopper tube work?
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inhibits thrombin formation
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what is the recommended depth of a heel puncture?
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2.0 mm
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what does the allen test assess?
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Collateral circulation
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best choice of equipment for an elderly lady with tiny veins?
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syringe with 23 gdg butterfly
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3 veins of choice for venipuncture?
Where are they each located? |
cephalic, basillac, and median cubital
median cubital is in middle basillac is medial to body cephalic is lateral to body |
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internal space of a blood vessel is called what
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lumen
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contracting phase of the cardiac cycle
relaxing stage of the cardiac cycle |
systole
diastole |
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what is the crediting agency for clinical lab edu programs?
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NAACLS
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what is the agency responsible for CLIA compliance?
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CMS
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what is a nonprofit, standards developing organization that developes voluntary guidelines?
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CLSI
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what term describes
employer is liable for employee |
respondant superior
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what does age of majority mean
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age the state has set to indicate an adult
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patient willfully giving their arm for draw, would be what kind of consent
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implied
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what agency tracks all communicable diseases?
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CDC
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what isolation is used for TB?
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reverse isolation
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transmission of infectious agent through food is called?
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vehicle transmission
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name 3 anticoagulants and stopper colors that inhibit clotting by binding calcium
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sodium citrate, lt blue
EDTA, lavender SPS, blood cultures |
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type of heparin anticoagulant that causes the least interference in chemistry testing?
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lithium heparin
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what is the order of draw in a capillary puncture?
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EDTA, additive tubes, serum tubes
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capillary blood is most similar to arterial or venous blood?
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aterial
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why do you wipe away the first drop from a capillary puncture?
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contamination
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what is ischemia?
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insufficient blood flow
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the disorder cholecystitis belongs in what system?
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digestive system
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The disorder dyspnea belongs in what system
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respiratory
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Define sentinel event?
Timeframe to report? |
unfavorable and unexpected event that results in death or serious injury.
45 days |
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name the accrediting agency that offers proficiency testing?
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CAP
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CLIA classifies labs according to?
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complexity of testing
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Expressed consent is required in what types of situations?
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surgeries, experimental drugs, high risk procedures
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Failure to exercise due care is called?
Define due care? |
Negligence
level of care a person should exercise |
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When a breach of duty is so obvious that it does not need further explanation, it is called?
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Re ipsa loquitur (thing speaks for itself)
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Difference in standard precautions and universal precautions?
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universal does not include body fluids
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what agency requires that PPE is provided?
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OSHA
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What does race stand for?
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rescue, alert, contain, extinguish
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order of draw?
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sterile (blood cultures), lt blue, red, SST, PST, green, lavender, gray
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angle of needle insertion for ABGs?
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45 to 90 degree
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define catabolism
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break down of complex substances to simple substances
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name largest healthcare standards-setting agency that accredits both hospitals and labs?
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JCAHO
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define Tort?
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wrongful act in which the individual is entitled to damages
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Name chain of infection
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infectious agent
reservoir exit pathway means of transmission entry pathway susceptable host |
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blood volume calculation?
adult |
weight to Kilo 1lb = .454 kg
multiply kg by 70 then divide by 1000 |
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blood volume calculation?
infant |
weight to Kilo 1lb = .454 kg
multiply kg by 100 then devide by 1000 |
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Venipuncture procedure
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view and assess test request
approach, identify and prepare patient sanitize hands position patient, turniquet, make fist select vein, release turniquet, unfist clean air dry sight gloves, ready equip. reapply turn, fist, anchor vein insert needle, blood flow then release turn |
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ABG collection procedure
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position arm, locate artery, clean site, prepare equip, insert needle, withdraw needle, remove air, mix specimen, apply pressure 3-5 min check site
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most common anti coags
ECHO |
EDTA
citrate heperine oxilate |
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lavender tops
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EDTA
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Citrates prevent coag. by ______ calcium?
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binding, chelating
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light blue
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sodium citrate
coag dept |
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red
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no additive
chem, blood bank dept |
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green
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lithium heperine, sodium heperine
chem dept |
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lavender
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EDTA
hemotology dept, blood bank |
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gray
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sodium fluoride
chem dept |
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memory jogger
order of draw |
stop, light, red, stay, put, green, light, go
sterile, lt blue, red, SST, PST, green lavender, gray |
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What r the 4 protiens that r increased in APR?
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Alpha 1
CRP alpha 1 antitrypsin ceruplasmin |
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protien that is the first to appear in the developement of an embryo?
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alpha 1 fetoprotien
increased in multiple fetuses |
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portien carries majority of body copper?
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cerulplasmin
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wilsons disease
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inability to insert copper into cerulplasmin
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Menke's disease
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inibility to release copper from GI epithelium
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this protien needs zinc in order to be made?
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retinol-binding protien
transports a form of vitamin a |
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this protien binds hemoglobin irreversibly so it cant be excreted by the kidney?
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haptoglobin
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this protien is increased in iron definciency anemia but normal in hemochromatosis?
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transferin
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principle transport for iron?
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transferin
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is used as an indicator for kidney function?
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creatine
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creatine ref range
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.9 - 1.3 mg/dl males
.6 - 1.1 mg/dl females |
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chemically modified hemoglobin is formed as a result of change in oxidation state to ferric state resulting in lower lower oxygen carrying capability?
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methemoglobin
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this is the waste product of hemoglobin?
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bilirubin
unstable when exposed to light |
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this analyte results from the breakdown of protiens and amino acids
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urea
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iron is stored in two different forms known as?
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ferritin
hemosiderin |
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what is the bohr effect
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ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen
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gout is one of the disease states for thiss analyte?
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uric acid (elevated)
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uric acid ref range
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3.5 - 7.2 mg/dl males
2.6 - 6 mg/dl females |
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which test do you not have to put a tourniquit on for?
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lactic acid
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lactic acidosis = what level of lactic acid
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>45 mg/dl
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Anion gap calculation
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NA+K-CL -HCO
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crytical values for
Na K HCO |
Na=120 and 160
K=2.5,6 hco=10,40 |
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cholesteral is transported in the blood as cholesteral esters in?
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LDL
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lipoprotien that contains mostly triglyceride in the fasting state is?
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VLDL
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BEERs Law
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absorbance is directly proportional to concentration.
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component of a spectrophotometer that isolates radiant energy of a specific wavelength and excludes that of other wavelengths is called?
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monochromater
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a molecule is said to flouresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light of
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a longer wavelength
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the principles of what two techniques are used in a flow cytometer?
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fluormetry and nephelometry
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wavelength of ultraviolet range
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<380 is UV range
380-750 = visible uv >800 = infrared |
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what can not be directly measured
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absorbance
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measurement of the voltage diff between two electrodes emmersed in solution is referred to as
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potentiometry
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negative electrode in a electrophoresis system
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cathode
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process of transfering the electrophoresed DNA out of a gel and onto special nylon paper is called
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southern blotting
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if the viscosity in a protien electrophoreses system is too high the migration rate will
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decrease
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when a blood sample is seperated by ceterfugation the liquid component is seperated from the cells. the serum is the
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liquid component with no clotting factors in it
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a serum sample from a person who has eaten a fatty meal 2 hrs before having his blood drawn will appear
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lipemic
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the physical process where solutes are seperated as a result of their diff distrabutions is
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chromatography
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migration of charged solutes in a liquid medium under influence of electrical field is
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electrophoresis
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measurement of intensity of light at a given wavelength is
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spectrophotometry
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element of a sample is excited and radiant energy given off is measured as the element returns to its lower energy level is
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atomic absorbtion
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emission of light when electron returns from excited energy level to a lower energy level which is caused by a chemical reaction
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chemiluminescence
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which two conditions can physiologically elevate serum alkaline phosphatase?
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growth, third trimester of preg
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AST and ALT are both elevated in what disease?
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viral hepititis
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physician suspects his patient has pancreatitis. what should be tested
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amylase
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increased total serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, confined to fractions 4 and 5, is most likely to be associated with
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acute virasl hepititis
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what is the most sensitive enzymatic indicator for liver damage from ethynal intake?
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GGT
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presence of increased CK-MB activity on a CK electrophoresis pattern is most likely found in a patient suffering from
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myocardial infarction
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state beers law
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A = a times b times c
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which of the following POC analyzers must maintain a stable temp of 37 C
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coagulation
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explain the difference between assayed and unassayed controls
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assayed= manufacturer has set up control ranges for each test, comes with a list of values for the consitrations that are expected for the material
unassayed= lab will need to establish its own ranges |
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the solution is red in color, you can assume that red is the color _______
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transmitted
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absorbance calculation?
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A= 2-log%T
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an example of a fibrous protien would be
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collogen
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conversion of glucose into lactic acid or pyruvate is reffered to as
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glycolysis
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good cholesteral =
bad cholesteral = |
good= HDL
bad= LDL |
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what pathway is responsible for HDL
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reverse cholesteral transport pathway
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what lipids/ lipoprotiens are responsible for a sample appearing lipemic
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chylomicrons and VLDL
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which lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a nonfasting patient
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triglicerides
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what represents the end product of purine metabolism in humans
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uric acid
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name three ketone bodies
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acetone
acetoacetic b-hydroxybutyrate |
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if a patient has been fasting for 3 days, what glucaose metabolism pathway is the body most likely going through
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gluconeogenesis
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acceptable ref interval for arterial blood ph is
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7.35 - 7.45
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Valinomycin enhances the sensitivty of the electrode used to quantitate
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potassium
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the primary function of serum albumin in the periferal blood is to
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maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
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most chemical methods for determining total protein utilize which reaction
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biuret
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menkes syndrom is associated with the dificiency of
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copper
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this trace element plays a key role in protein and nuclaic acid synthesis
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zinc
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mean value of 100 and a standard deviation of 1.8 mg/dl were obtained from a set of glucose measurements on a control solution. the 95% confidence interval in mg/dl would be
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96.4 - 103.6 mg/dl
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what is the formula for coefficient of variation
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standard deviation times 100 divided by the mean
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in quality control, 2sd from the mean include what % of the sample population
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95%
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2sd is acceptable limit,, if control is run 100 times how many tests would be outside acceptable limits due to random error
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5
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which buffering system plays an important role in controlling urine acidity
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phosphate
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metabolic acidosis results in
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primary bicarbinate deficit
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what electrolyte changes in conjunction with sodium
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chloride
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what electrolyte is increased in antacid intoxication
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magnesium
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relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle
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diastole
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glass particles present in serum seperator tubes do what
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accelerate coag
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a hormone specific to the heart which is released when there is too much pressure or fluid is known as
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B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
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order of draw
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blood culture, lt blue, royal blue, sst, green, lavender
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which type of contact infection involves a sneeze
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droplet
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most important means of breaking the chain of infection is
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hand washing
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what is a sentinel event
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event that signals an imediate investigation and response
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have valves
viens or arteries |
veins
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how does sodium heperine prevent clotting
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inhibits thrombin formation
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what anticoag is used in DNA testing
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ACD
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what anticoag helps prevent glycolysis
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sodium flouride
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what anti coag is preferred for coag testing
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sodium citrate
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what ani coag is preferred in hematology testing
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EDTA
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how does EDTA prevent coag
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chelates calcium
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what is the oxygen carrying protein in the muscle
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myoglobin
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what is the enzyme deficiency in erythropoietic porphyria
what catagory of symptoms does this fall into |
ferrochelatase
cutaneous |
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what type of globulin does hemoglobin F consist of
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2a and 2y
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at what age is hemoglobin F found to be the predominent hemoglobin
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newborn
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iron is transported in what form
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ferric iron Fe3
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in what form is it attached to the porpherin ring
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ferous state Fe2
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what porphyria is known as gunthers disease
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congenital erythropoietic porphyria
cutanius symptoms |
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what is the most common symptom in the cutanious category of porphyrias
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photosensitivity
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name the components of the heme synthesis pathway
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D
P = porph U C P = proto H |
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name the type of porphyrin that is excreted in the feces
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protoporphyrin
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how many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin carry
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4
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calc the % saturation
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total iron / TIBC times 100%
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TIBC calc
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serum transferrin times 1.25
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