Phl 313 Exam 3

Front 1

Qualia

Back 1

What it's like, first person aspect of your experiences

Front 2

Philosophy of Social Sciences

Back 2

Engaging in an analysis of the assumptions of any given discipline. Analysis of people/human persons. Less Predictability --> Free will vs. determinism.

Front 3

Euthyphro dilemma

Back 3

Is an action good in itself or because God said that it is good?

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Role Models

Back 4

Play a large role in virtue ethics. A role model possesses three characteristics:
1. Possesses Excellent Moral Character
2. Habitually Acts well and feels pleasure when engaging in the virtues
3. They can help us decide what to do in a tricky ethical situation

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Virtue Ethics

Back 5

more particular in nature - less abstract. point out particular individuals that serve as standards for behavior / role models. the importance of moral character - rules and duties are not as important as moral character. asks, "what sort of person should I be" rather than "what ought i do." we should focus on improving our moral character than finding abstract moral rules that allow us to classify actions

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Contractarianism

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Communities can agree together, live together in moral manner - cooperate with each other.
Common Survival - cooperate with rational basis though not as objective as theism.

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Divine Command Theory (i.e. supernaturalism, religious based theories)

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Jesus Christ - Founder of Christianity, Provided a means of attaining salvation, died on the cross (sacrificial aspect,) defender of persecuted

Supernaturalism - action is morally right if it's in harmony with God's commands. Morality and religion are intertwined. Attempts are very high level of objectivity (absolute)

If there is no God then everything is permitted

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Descartes

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Father of modern philosophy, great mathematician, rationalist (someone who values pure logic - needs pure reasoning,) thought we could base our knowledge on clear and distinct ideas - "I think therefore I am," created a huge amount of skepticism due to usage of methodic doubt (putting every question under scrutiny)

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Descartes - created a dualistic approach to reality

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1. Solipsism problem - point of view that you alone exist, massive egoism (your world is the only world,) the mind is so primary and undeniable, so that is where we have to start with but with Descartes it is also where you have to stay, ask to what extent that extent effects your perceptions and sensations

2. Casual problem - problem between the mind and the body, also known as the interaction problem, mind is non-physical and the body is physical matters there is a clear disconnect.

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Philosophy of Economics

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Ethics possibly becomes a subjective venture (logical positivism, emotivism)

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Behaviorism

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Begins with Skinner and goes to brain science or neurology. Psychology should concern itself with observable behavior of people and animals, not the unobservable events that happen in their minds. you observe their behavior.

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John Madaille

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Theologian, Business Lecturer, Proponent of distributism. Seeks to take away negatives of socialism and negatives of capitalism. Seeks to incorporate dimensions of family, intellectual and spiritual life into economics.

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Rerum Novarum

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"Of New Things"
Pope Leo XIII address the problems of the working class

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Pope Leo XIII

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The working class
Rerum novarum

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Pope Pius XI

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Quadragesimo Anno -Economic theory and ethics

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Quadrageismo Anno

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"In the 40th year"
40 years after Rerum Novarum, Pope Pius XI addressed the ethical implications of social & economic order

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Walter Williams

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Associated with distributism, enlightened self-interest, greed is good - leads to long standing benefits - allows the market to function in a more efficient manner.

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G.K. Chesterton

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Prolific English Writer
"too much capitalism does not mean too many capitalists but too few capitalists"

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Hillaire Belloc

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Anglo French writer, focused on crusades. He and chesterton both wanted distributism and actively spoke against socialism and capitalism.

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Distributism

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Not socialism or capitalism. Seeks to incorporate dimensions of family, intellectual and spirit life into economics. Cannot merely have the presupposition that my interests are all that matter. Private propoerty should be as well distributed as possible. Ownership of means of production should not be centralized under the control of state nor under the control of a few large business/wealthy individuals.

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Positive of Distributism

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1. Spiritual rather than a materialistic view of humanity - economics
2. Looks at economics from within the framework of the whole person within the whole society

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Problems with Distributism

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1. Determination factor - who determines the limitation with respect to how much property one should own. Seek to eliminate unnecessary accumulation of goods/ownership of property. No excuses.
2. Would work better in some places rather than others.
3. Technological advances/industries perhaps make this view untenable. Ethical ramifications - robots. Technology = is versus ought - how ought we to behave within this context? Ought we to place limits on technological advances.

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Cartesian Thought Experiments

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Imprisons use within our minds. A being is presenting reality to me in a deceptive way. We can't really prove someone isn't controlling our minds, because we don't really know. Doubting of all things that cannot be justified with logic, conceiving God and malicious demon argument. Ghost in the machine view of the human mind - complete duality - Descartes created dualist, dochotomy.