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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meno
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Plato
attempts to determine the definition of virtue, or arete, meaning in this case virtue in general, rather than particular virtues (e.g., justice, temperance, etc.) a virtue vs virtue a circle vs shapes WE WILL NEVER KNOW! |
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Meno characters and situation:
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Meno says early on in the dialogue that he has held forth many times on the subject of virtue to Socrates
Menos slave: regarding the argument for innate knowledge Anytus: Socrates suggests that Anytus does not realise what slander is |
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virtue ethics:
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Aristotle:
how one is or is not a good human being "Should I lie and hurt his feelings or don't and do?" |
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The Republic
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Plato
define is "what is justice?" |
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FORM:
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in Plato: that what makes something be what it is
'ness' |
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deontology:
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immanual kant
what kind of action am I supposedd to perform? am I following my duty moral obligation |
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consequentialism:
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John stweart Mill
how do our actions affect others utilitarianism: the best is the most pleasurable |
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relativism:
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Ruth Benedict
(ethical) idea that culture defines reality |
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divine command theory:
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Euthypro: 'insofar as it is impious' (Socrates)
idea that Gods will determains the content of morality |
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telos:
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in Aristotles virtue ethics
'function' or 'goal' teleological ethics: what is morally good is what brings somthing closer to its purpose |
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nedumia:
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in virtue ethics: pleasure
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eudaimonia:
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in virtue ethics: 'living well' or 'flourishment'
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character defined by virtue:
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virtues are not extremes
they are character traits and not actions do not always do what brings pleasure habit is very important actions only SHAPE virtue or character |
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aristotles mean:
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desirable middle between two extremes
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autonomy:
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Immanual Kant
a persons ability to decide for themselves |
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categorical imperative:
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what is morally right (act only so that the maxim of your action can become a nuiversal law)
humans are the only rational so they have a set of moral obligations |
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duty:
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Kant
the necessity to act out of respect for the law What am I supposed to be doing? |
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end:
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end result? not a mean
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hypathetical imperative:
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if i want this then I should do this
using as a MEAN |
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good will
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Kant
doing your duty |
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moral law and universibility:
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Kant
is it ok for EVERYTHING to ho like this? does not depend on what you want |
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consequentialism:
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Mill
doesn't care about intentions, only actions maximization of pleasure |
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utilitarianism:
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what is good brings pleasure
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Singer and 'personhood'
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the possession of traits like the capacity to feel and reason, self-awareness and autonomy, and the ability to imagine a future
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rationalism:
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Rene Descartes
belief that reason is the source of knowledge |
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"Cogito, ergo sum"
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"I think, therefore I am"
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skeptism:
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doubt between sense data and anything else
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indubitabililty:
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certainty, undoubtable
almost nothing in this world is impossible to doubt |
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Empiricism:
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John locke; opposed rationalism
things are only measurable BECAUSE they came from our senses |
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John Locke:
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all knowlegde comes from sense data
two kinds: primary: things that make a sunstance be what it is secondary: what we percieve |
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George Berkely:
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only secondary qualities
to be is to be percieved ("Esse est percipi") |
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David Hume:
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impressions: what you percieve; mental experience
ideas: copies of impressions; mental image EMPIRISISM LEADS TO SKEPISISM |
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causality:
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David Hume
no evidence for cause and effect, only constant connexion the only way to prove constant connexion is if we know 'the future will resemble the past' |
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'force and vivacity':
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distinguishes impressions from ideas
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"custom or habit":
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what hume says life is
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