Philospohy Exam 1

Front 1

epistemology

Back 1

branch of philosophy concerned with concepts like knowledge and rational justification

Front 2

metaphysics

Back 2

branch of philosophy concerned with specifying the basic kinds of things that exist: does God exist? do physical objects exist?

Front 3

metaphysical naturalism

Back 3

holds that there is no supernatural phenomenon; can't use it as an explanation

Front 4

axiology (value theory)

Back 4

axioms are assumptions/premisses

Front 5

argument

Back 5

sequence of propositions of which 0 or more are premisses and one is the conclusion, in which the premisses are at least intended to support (give reason for accepting) the conclusion

Front 6

deductive argument

Back 6

if the premisses are true the conclusion must be true

Front 7

validity

Back 7

an argument is deductively valid because of the logical form it has; a deductively valid argument is one in which the conclusion must be true if the premisses are true

Front 8

soundness

Back 8

a deductive argument that is valid with true premisses

Front 9

begging the question

Back 9

an argument begs the question when you wouldn't accept the premisses unless you already believed the conclusion

Front 10

logical form

Back 10

logical form of an argument is what makes it deductively valid or deductively invalid

Front 11

conditional

Back 11

an if/then statement
If P, then Q

Front 12

antecedent
consequent

Back 12

if clause
then clause

Front 13

contrapositive

Back 13

If not Q, then not P
equivalent to conditional

Front 14

converse

Back 14

In P then Q equals if Q then P
NOT the equivalent of the conditional

Front 15

inductive argument

Back 15

nondeductive argument in which characteristics of individuals not in a sample are inferred from the characteristics of individuals in a sample. The strength of an inductive inference is influenced by sample size and sample bias