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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is natural law theory? |
Morality comes from reading off God's intentions written into nature. |
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What are the problems with natural law theory? |
Epistemic problem Inconsistency Disastrous consequences |
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What is divine command theory? |
Morality comes from God's commands |
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What is strong moral realism moral intuitionism? (Non-humam Reality) |
Morality comes to us from a (natural or non-natural) moral dimension of external reality. |
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What are the problems with strong moral realism moral intuitionism? |
Conflicting intuitions with disastrous consquences. Scientific implausibility Suspicious correlation of moral intuitions with social conditioning |
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What is cultural relativism? |
Morality is a creation of human cultures and requires accepting the existing traditions, conventional, law or customs of one culture or society. |
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What are the problems with cultural relativism? |
Implies existing social conditions are morally perfect Cannot settle a society's internal moral disagreements Freezes in outdated dogmas |
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What is moral constructivism? |
Morality is a creation of human reason that recognizes the need for rules of social living. (Which, ideally, promotes optimum social conditions for human flourishing) |
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What are the problems with moral constructivism? |
Requires lots of intelligence & education Upsets established traditions Leads to a range of diverse proposals Has trouble motivating moral behaviour (faces the egoist challenges) |
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What is total moral skepticism? |
Reality is made up of atoms and molecules.
So there's no such thing as right or wrong; everything is permitted
Moral beliefs are just a form of superstition. |
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What is the problem with total moral skepticism? |
The black and white fallacy Disastrous consequences |
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What is rational morality? |
The moral values people would hold if they were philosophically informed. |
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What are the 5 adequacy criteria for any rational moral code? |
Generality: should be broadly applicable to all or most decision-making situations Determinacy: should guide us toward helpful answers to moral questions Teachability: should be simple enough to be readily teachable Consistency with human nature: shouldn't make unrealistic demand that go strongly against human nature Freedom from exceptions: should be as free as possible from exceptions or counterexample. |
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What is a pure altruists? |
Always ask: How can i best help others, no matter what the cost is to myself? |
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What is aesthetic value? |
Criteria that helps us distinguish the Beautiful from the ugly, good taste from bad taste, good art from bad art. |
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What is epistemic values? |
Criteria that helps us distinguish Knowledge from mere opinion, or good from bad justifications for beliefs. |
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What is moral idealists? |
Always asks: "How can I go beyond the Call of Duty, even if I have to sacrifice some of my self-interest?" |
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What are morally responsible non idealist? |
Always asks: "how can I best achieve my self-interest consistent with my moral duties?" |
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What is narrowly selfish egoist? |
Always ask: "how can I use others to benefit myself?" |
