Philosphy 150

Front 1

Logic

Back 1

Study of arguments that mainly deals with validity.

Front 2

Premise

Back 2

Statement in an argument supporting a conclusion.

Front 3

Conclusion

Back 3

Logically consequential proposition inferred from one or more premises.

Front 4

Illative

Back 4

Conclusion indicator

Front 5

Inference

Back 5

Drawing a conclusion from one or more premises

Front 6

Proposition

Back 6

Assertion or claim that is either true or false—also called “truth value” statements

Front 7

Truth Value Statement

Back 7

Declarative statement that is true or false—also called a proposition

Front 8

Argument

Back 8

Series of propositions/premises that support a conclusion

Front 9

Validity

Back 9

The Form of an argument is correct: the premises lead to the conclusion

Front 10

Soundness

Back 10

Valid argument with true premises—one can show an argument is unsound by showing (a) that at least one premise is false, or (b) that the form is invalid

Front 11

Syllogism

Back 11

An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises

Front 12

Inductive

Back 12

Provide partial support for a conclusion; could be true

Front 13

Deductive

Back 13

Provide complete support for a conclusion; accepted as fact

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Sorites

Back 14

An argument in which the conclusion forms the premise of another argument.

Front 15

Enthymeme

Back 15

Incompletely stated argument; implied premises

Front 16

Fallacy

Back 16

Error in reasoning; invalidates portions of or an entire argument

Front 17

Refutation

Back 17

Demonstrating that an argument’s conclusion is false even though it may have true premises

Front 18

Proof

Back 18

Showing that an argument is (a) valid and (b) assuming the premises to be true—if (a) and (b) are met one must necessarily accept the conclusion

Front 19

Non sequitur

Back 19

A conclusion that does not follow from the premises