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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of morality using methods of philosophy. |
ethics |
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concerns beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character |
morality |
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the idea that they apply to everyone equally, that everyone should be considered of equal moral worth and that each person's interest must be given equal weight |
impartiality |
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critical thinking applied to the moral sphere |
moral reasoning |
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the exploration and evaluation of moral norms (principles, virtues, values, and theories) |
normative ethics |
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examines the philosophical underpinnings of these questions: (what values in life are important? how should we resolve conflicts between moral principles? what makes an action right? |
metaethics |
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the application of moral principles, virtues, or theories to real-life cases or issues |
Applied ethics |
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a formal inquiry into morality, but uses the methodology of science, not philosophy |
Descriptive ethics |
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the doctrine that god is the creator of morality |
divine command theory |
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the view that there are moral standards that are true or correct for everyone |
moral objectivisim |
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applicable unless exceptions are warranted |
prima facie |
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the rejection of the objectivist view. says that moral standards do not have independent status but are relative to what individuals or cultures believe |
Moral Relativism |
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When the individual is the arbiter of rightness |
subjective relativism |
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when culture is the arbiter of rightness |
cultural relativism |
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the systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs, or statements by rational standards |
Critical Thinking |
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The supportng statements of an argument |
premises |
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the supported statement of an argument |
conclusion |
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an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false |
Statement |
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arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion absolutely must be true |
Deductive Argument |
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arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions |
Inductive Argument |
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What kind of argument is this: 1.it's wrong to take the life of an innocent person 2. abortion takes the life of an innocent person 3. Therefore, abortion is wrong |
Deductive |
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What kind of argument is this:
1. all dogs are mammals 2. Rex is a dog' 3. Therefore, Rex is a mammal |
Deductive |
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What kind of argument is this:
1. 85% of the students are republicans 2. Sonia is a student 3, Therefore, Sonia is probably a republican |
Inductive |
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a premise consisting of an if-then statement |
conditional premise |
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What kind of premise/argument is used: 1. if the surgeon operates, then the patient will be cured 2. the surgeon is operating 3. therefore the patient will be cured |
Deductive argument conditional premise |
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argument that affirms the antecedent |
Modus Ponens |
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What kind of argument is this: 1.If the dose is low , then the healing is slow 2. The healing is not slow 3. Therefore, the does is not low |
Modus Ponens
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is this argument valid of invalid? 1. if the patient is getting better , then drugs are unnecessary 2.Drugs are unnecessary 3. Therefore, the patient is getting better |
Invalid |
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an argument whose conclusion is an assertion that an action is right or wrong or that a person or motive is good or bad |
moral argument |
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a belief that can be confirmed by sense experience--that us by observation or scientific investigation |
empirical beliefs |
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has to do with the meaning of terms, something we need to pay attention to because disputes in ethics sometimes hinge on the meaning of a concept. |
conceptual matter |
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the father of experimental philosophy |
Francis Bacon |
