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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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__________ do not contain any other statement as a component
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Simple statements
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A ___________ is one that contains at least one simple statement as a component
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compound statement
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A ______ represents words like: not, not the case that, it is false that.
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Tilde (squiggly horizontal line)
Negation |
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A _____ represents words like: “and”, “also”, “but”, “however”, “yet”, “still”, “moreover”, “although”, and “nevertheless” "both", "additionally", "furthermore".
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Dot (literally)
conjuction |
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A _____ represents words like: or, unless.
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Wedge (v)
disjunction |
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A _____ represents words like: if… then, “in case,” “provided that,” “given that,” "only if", "implies", "sufficient condition for", "necessary condition for" and “on condition that” are usually translated as “if”.
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Horseshoe (sideways U)
Conditional |
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A _____ represents: “if and only if”, "is equivalent to" and “is a sufficient and necessary condition for.”
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Triple Bar (3 horizontal lines)
Biconditional |
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F (dot) any =
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F
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T v F =
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T
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F v T =
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T
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F v F =
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F
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T (shoe) F =
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F
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F (shoe) T =
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T
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F (shoe) F =
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T
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T (triple bar) F =
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F
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F (triple bar) T =
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F
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F (triple bar) F =
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T
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In an implication (shoe), what 4 phrases can be translated as "if" and, therefore, have the antecedent following? What is the one exception?
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"Given that"
"In case that" "provided that" "On condition that" |
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A compound statement is said to be _______ if it's true regardless of the truth value of its' components.
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Tautologous
Logically true |
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A compound satement is said to be ________ if it is false regardless of the truth values of the components.
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Self-contradictory
Logically false |
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Logically equivalent = _______
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The same truth value on each line
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Contradictory = __________
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opposite truth value on each line
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Contingent = ________
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at least one true, and at least one false
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Consistent = _______
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at least one line on both (or all) tables turns out to be true
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inconsistent = _________
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there is no line on which both (or all) tables turn out to be true
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What are the only 2 argument forms that are considered as invalid?
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Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent |
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pvq
- p _____ q What kind of argument for is this and is it valid or invalid. |
Disjunctive syllogism
Valid |
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p (shoe) q
q (shoe) r ________ p (shoe) r What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
Pure hypothetical syllogism
Valid |
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p (shoe) q
p ________ q What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
Modus Ponens
Valid |
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p (shoe) q
-q ________ -p What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
Modus Tollens
Valid |
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p (shoe) q
q _________ p What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
Affirming the consequent
invalid |
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p (shoe) q
-p ________ -q What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
Denying the antecedent
invalid |
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(p (shoe) q) . (r (shoe) s)
p v r ____________________ q v s What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
constructive dilemma
valid |
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(p (shoe) q) . (r (shoe) s)
-q v -s _____________________ -p v -r What argument form is this and is it valid or invalid? |
destructive dilemma
Valid |
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p is logically equivalent to --p.
This is an example of a _________ |
double negation
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p v q is logically equivalent to q v p.
This is an example of a _______. |
commutativity
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If an argument has a line on which all of its premises are true and the conclusion is false, then it is ______. if it doesn't have such a line, then it is _______.
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invalid
Valid |
