Philosophy Test 2

Front 1

Aristotle

Back 1

322 BC

Front 2

aristotle studied under who for 19 years?

Back 2

plato

Front 3

wrote...?

Back 3

“on the forms” debunking everything plato said about the forms

Front 4

aristotle’s 3 laws of logic

Back 4

identity, law of excluded middle, law of non contradiction

Front 5

identity law

Back 5

it is what it is, A = A or A is not B

Front 6

excluded middle

Back 6

something is A or B, there is no kinda true

Front 7

noncontradiction

Back 7

A can not be A, at the same time and in the same sense

Front 8

denial (example)

Back 8

sb is not a horse, all horse are mammals, therefore sb is not a mammal

Front 9

affirmation (example)

Back 9

sb is a horse, all horse are mammals, therefore sb is a mammal

Front 10

syllogism

Back 10

synthesizing 2 pieces of logic

Front 11

deductive logic

Back 11

- rational

- used by parmenides and mathematicians

- universals (metaphysical) to particulars (physical)

Front 12

inductive logic

Back 12

- guarantee truth

- Heraclitus and scientists/empirical

- particulars (physical) to universals (metaphysical)

Front 13

4 causes and if they are p or m/p

Back 13

material (physical)

formal (metaphysical)

efficient (physical)

teleological (both)

Front 14

what is telos?

Back 14

end, aim, goal, or purpose

Front 15

telos of a human being according to aristotle

Back 15

realise your capacities as a rational animal and to live a life of virtue

Front 16

1st actuality

Back 16

a tree

Front 17

potentiality

Back 17

(no telos) a table, a home, a door, a baseball bat

Front 18

2nd actuality

Back 18

(telos) shade, oxygen

Front 19

1st actuality

Back 19

milk

Front 20

potentiality

Back 20

(no telos) cheese, milkshake

Front 21

2nd actuality

Back 21

nourishment

Front 22

substance = ___ + ___

Back 22

matter + form

Front 23

form is intimately connected to matter as

Back 23

physical is intimately related to metaphysical

Front 24

form is:

matter is:

Back 24

physical

metaphysical

Front 25

natural body + ____ = living body

Back 25

soul

Front 26

aristotle’s 3 souls

Back 26

nutritive, locomotive soul and nous

Front 27

nutritive soul

Back 27

alive and receives nutrients

Front 28

locomotive soul

Back 28

locally it produces motion

Front 29

nous

Back 29

allows us to logically deduce things, rational part of the soul

Front 30

the first contact we have

Back 30

senses

Front 31

god is the last logical step to avoid an infinite

Back 31

regress!!

Front 32

god is pure being

Back 32

no becoming!!

Front 33

(aristotle said) god is the ___ reason for the universe

Back 33

efficient, material, formal, and teleological

Front 34

when did anselm die?

Back 34

1109 ad

Front 35

ontological - A Priori - Anselm

Back 35

prior to sense experience

Front 36

when did aquinas die?

Back 36

1274 ad

Front 37

cosmological - A Posteriori - Aquinas

Back 37

after sense experience

Front 38

when did paley die?

Back 38

1805 ad

Front 39

Teleological - A Posteriori - Paley

Back 39

after sense experience

Front 40

aristotle said that god

Back 40

is pure form with no matter

Front 41

anselm said that god is

Back 41

that which none greater can be concieved

Front 42

2nd actuality is when

Back 42

do the thing that you have the ability to do

Front 43

paley’s argument is both

Back 43

teleological and a posteriori

Front 44

when did anselm die?

Back 44

1109

Front 45

anselm’s ontological proof (4)

Back 45

1) nothing grater than god can be conceived

2) the idea of god exists only in our minds

3) if god exists only in our minds, he would not be as great as the one who actually existed

4) therefore, the idea of god must correspond to one in reality

Front 46

Guanilo’s criticism

Back 46

does this mean the perfect island exists because it exists in my head?

Front 47

anselm’s logical fallacies

Back 47

circular arguments

(nothing greater than god exists - must correspond to one reality, must correspond to one reality - because nothing greater than god can exist)

Front 48

anselm’s logical fallacies

Back 48

can not start with a concept and prove a reality

Front 49

aquinas died?

Back 49

in 1274

Front 50

Aquinas wrote

Back 50

Summa Theologica

Front 51

problem of evil

Back 51

god must be 100% good, and if there was a god, the world wouldn’t be evil

Front 52

evidential problems of evil

Back 52

natural (hurricanes, tornados)

physical (cancer, diabetes)

metaphysical (angels, demons)

moral (drunk driver kills loved ones)

gratuitous (holocaust, 9/11)

Front 53

rational epistemology

Back 53

without the senses

Front 54

empirical epistemology

Back 54

with the senses

Front 55

Aquinas — existence of god can be proved in 5 ways

Back 55

motion, efficient cause, necessity, gradation, and order/teleological

Front 56

MOTION

Back 56

material form

facts

there must be a first mover who begins to move everything else

Front 57

EFFICIENT CAUSE

Back 57

efficient form

facts

God is the “first efficient cause” because there has to be one

Front 58

NECESSITY

Back 58

material form

facts

for anything to exist, there must be something before it. it is necessary

Front 59

GRADATION

Back 59

formal form

value

Platonic

Front 60

Order/Teleological

Back 60

teleological

Front 61

Ockham’s Razor

Back 61

“plurality should not be posited beyond necessity”

entity should not be multiplied beyond necessity

keep it simple

used to prove and also disprove god’s existence

Front 62

Pascal’s Wager

Back 62

Back (Definition)