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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metaphysics
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study of existence, what is the world like?
whether P is the case? does it exist? |
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epistemology
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study of man's means of cognition
how do I know it? How would one come to know it? how would you come to know P is true/can you ever know? |
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ethics
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WHAT SHOULD I DO?
answering the question what should I do to be a good instance of what i am? (what kind of life should I lead to flourish?) |
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Aristotle's best life
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best life is contemplative life, exercising human virtues
(prudence, courage, magnanimity, generosity, temperance) |
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philosophy
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guiding principles or body of beliefs; the established order
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fact
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just there
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value
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interior, subjective, require an observer
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Lewis' fears:
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1) the readers have no ability to evaluate philosophy, it's thrust upon them
2) students will gain the philosophy that all values are subjetive and trivial 3) the Green book has implanted subliminal messages, and they can't explain their position |
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Tao
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there are objective values, this merits this, this merits that
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appearance of conflict between religion and philosophy
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not evidence of error in specific sphere necessarily
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Aquinas' view
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never can be genuine conflict because god is the author of faith
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Hume
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conflict between what we know and religious belief
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Descartes
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second view, science versus fundamentalism
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truth value
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is either true or false
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if a statement expresses a proposition
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it has truth value
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reasons for relativism
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1) relativism is in the air
2) don't think about things carefully 3) sounds/seems respectful 4) developmental phase |
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subjectivism
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truth is relative to individual persons
asserts nobody could do anything wrong |
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cultural relativism
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truth is relative to cultures
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culture A thinks...
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enslaving B is good
(just liek subjectivism asserts that no individual could do anything wrong, cultural relativism is flawed in that it asserts no culture could do anything wrong) |
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argument
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a series of statements one or more of which (the premises) are meant to provide support for another (the conclusion).
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deductive
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attempt to prove the conclusion is true
*we're using this* |
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inductive
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attempt to show that the conclusion is likely
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valid (to arguments not claims)
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if the premises were true, than the conclusion would have to be true
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invalid argument
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fallacy
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sound
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valid and has all true premises
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categorical logic
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aristotlian, requires the use of categorical statements
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categorical statement
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makes a claim about the relationship between 2 or more categories of things
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only dealing with 4 standard form statements
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all S are P/no S are P (UNIVERSAL)
some S are P/some S are not P (PARTICULAR) |
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invalid if have...
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2 univ --> particular
2 somes --> some |
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rand argues that
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they should accept the importance of philosophy and the task of examining it critically
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