Philosophy Test 1

Front 1

Meaning of philosophy

Back 1

Love of wisdom

Front 2

Branches of philosophy

Back 2

Metaphysics epistemology ethics/morals/politics aesthetics logic

Front 3

Metaphysics

Back 3

Reality and it’s ultimate nature

Front 4

Ethics morals politics

Back 4

Questions about how we ought to live

Front 5

Aesthetics

Back 5

Questions concerning beauty and art

Front 6

Logic

Back 6

Distinguishing good and bad reasoning

Front 7

Correspondence theory of truth

Back 7

A statement or proposition is true if it corresponds to reality. It is false otherwise

Front 8

Elenchus

Back 8

Form of cross examination

Front 9

Two central Socratic questions

Back 9

What do you mean by that?

What evidence do you have for your claim

Front 10

Logically inconsistent

Back 10

If two statements cannot be true at the same time

Front 11

Logically consistent

Back 11

If possible both are true

Front 12

Premise

Back 12

Reasons to believe the conclusion is true

Front 13

Conclusion

Back 13

The last statement

Front 14

Platonic theory of soul

Back 14

Reason must rule the passions and appetites like a chariot driver controls the wild horses pulling the chariot

Front 15

Examined lofe

Back 15

Someone who can ask are my assumptions really true? Do the values I live by truly reflect morality? Honest self examination

Front 16

Socratic wisdom

Back 16

I know that I know nothing. Recognizing the limits of ones knowledge

Front 17

Ambiguity

Back 17

Can be interpreted in two or more ways

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Vague

Back 18

Not sure whether the word applies or does not apply

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Extensional

Back 19

Assign meaning to a word by giving examples of what the word denotes or applies to

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Ostensive

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Explaining a word by pointing to an example

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Enumerative

Back 21

Listing or enumerating members of a words extension. Ie comedians

Front 22

Operational

Back 22

Explain the meaning of words by specifying a step by step operation or test that determines whether the word applies in any given case

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Paradigm case

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Explain the meaning of a word by citing one or more clear and easily recognizable examples.

Front 24

Intensional

Back 24

Gives meaning of a word by stating the characteristics or properties the object in a terms extension have in common

Front 25

Lexical

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Commonly used meaning of a word or phrase. Chair-typically having four legs and a back for one person

Front 26

Stipulative

Back 26

Introduces a new meaning for a word or phrase

Front 27

Precising

Back 27

Makes the meaning for a vague word more precise as to cut down borderline cases

Front 28

Theoretical

Back 28

Explains meaning by providing a theory of the nature of something

Front 29

Persuasive

Back 29

Uses emotional wording and appeals to the emotions in order to influence people’s attitudes toward something

Front 30

Synonymous

Back 30

Explains meaning of a word by providing a synonym for the word

Front 31

Analytic

Back 31

Break something down into its parts

Front 32

Extensional

Back 32

Ostensive enumerative operational paradigm

Front 33

Intensional

Back 33

Lexical stipulative precising theoretical persuasive synonymous analytic

Front 34

Conclusion indicator

Back 34

Word or phrase that flag the conclusion

Therefore hence so ergo in conclusion

Front 35

Premise indicators

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Word or phrase that indicates the presence of a premise.

Because for one thing since as shown by given that due to the fact that

Front 36

Deductive argument

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Conclusion must be true if all the premises all are true. Valid/invalid

Front 37

Inductive argument

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Shows conclusion is probably true or likely true strong/weak

Front 38

Principle of charity

Back 38

Treat opposing viewpoints with respect

Front 39

Principle of faithfulness

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Present the opposing viewpoint accurately

Front 40

Formal fallacies

Back 40

Affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent

Front 41

Affirming the consequent

Back 41

If p then q

Q

Therefore p must be true

Front 42

Denying the antecedent

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If p then q

It is not the case that p

Therefore necessarily it is not the case that q

Front 43

Ad hominem

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Against the person. Circumstantial tu quo que guilt by association

Front 44

Circumstantial

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Bad circumstances

Front 45

Tu quo que

Back 45

You too or you’re another. Hypocrisy. Look who’s talking

Front 46

Guilt by association

Back 46

Attacking because of persons associates

Front 47

Appeal to the people

Back 47

Attempts to use the irrational emotions generated by a crowd rather than reason

Front 48

Appeal to emotion

Back 48

Attempts to evoke the emotion of pity from the audience and the use that pity alone rather than reason and evidence

Front 49

Irrelevant conclusion

Back 49

Someone puts forward premises in support of a states conclusion under discussion but the premises actually support a diff conl

Front 50

Begging the question

Back 50

Arguing in a way that employs the conclusion the person is trying to support as a premise in support of itself.

God exists

Why believe that

Because god exists

Front 51

Red herring

Back 51

Occurs when an arguer diverts attention from the point at hand by introducing an irrelevant issue into the discussion. Throwing the argument off track

Front 52

Genetic fallacy

Back 52

Committed when someone attacks a viewpoint by disparaging the views origins rather than by examining and responding to the argument offered

Front 53

Appeal to ignorance

Back 53

Someone argues that a proposition is true simply on the grounds that it has not been shown to be false

Front 54

Straw man

Back 54

Committed when the summary of an argument is not a fair representation but instead is a weakened exaggerated or distorted version

Front 55

Appeal to authority

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Occurs when we base a conclusion on the testimony of an alleged expert but the authority is either not a credible expert is not trustworthy or is biased

Front 56

Hasty generalization

Back 56

Jumped to a conclusion too quick

Front 57

False cause

Back 57

A causes b simply because a happened before b

A is the cause of b when In fact a is not the cause of b but the mistake is not based merely on the fact that b comes after a

Front 58

Slippery slope

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Objects to a position on the grounds that it will set off a chain reaction leading to a bad result

Front 59

False dilemma

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Someone assumes that only two alternatives exist with respect to some matter, rules out one of the two, and the concludes in favor of the other alt

Front 60

Suppressed evidence

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When arguer leaves out evidence that would count heavily against the conclusion

Front 61

Special pleading

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Applies a principle to someone else’s case but makes an unjustified special exception for his or her own case

Front 62

Equivocation

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Occurs when an arguer uses a particular word or phrase with one meaning at one place in An argument and then uses the same word with another meaning later in the argument

Front 63

Composition

Back 63

Someone assumes without justification that what is true of the parts must be also true of the whole

Front 64

Division

Back 64

What is true of the whole must be true of the parts

Front 65

Weasel words

Back 65

Word whose meaning has been so watered down that it can mean almost anything

Front 66

Euphemism

Back 66

A positive expression substituted for one whose connotations are not as positive

Front 67

Dysphemism

Back 67

A negative expression substituted for one whose connotations are positive or neutral

Front 68

Emotive words

Back 68

Expressions that conjure up positive or negative feelings.

Front 69

Innuendo

Back 69

An expression that gets an idea across without saying it explicitly