Philosophy Test 1

Front 1

metaphysics

Back 1

studies what sorts of things in general exist and and what sort of world this is

Front 2

epistemology

Back 2

studies the nature of knowledge-what is it and how do we know what we know?

Front 3

ethics

Back 3

studies evaluative questions- what is good/bad, what should one do in general

Front 4

political philosophy

Back 4

studies the source of political authority, the best overall structure for society and/or the state, and related questions. (Can be seen as a branch of ethics.)

Front 5

aesthetics

Back 5

studies the nature of art, beauty, and related questions

Front 6

logic

Back 6

studies reasoning, esp. the principles of correct reasoning. Closely related to, but not the same as, epistemology.

Front 7

evidentialism

Back 7

clifford

Front 8

evidentialism

Back 8

the view that it is morally wrong to hold unjustified beliefs

Front 9

scientific integrity

Back 9

feynman

Front 10

confirmation bias

Back 10

look for positive instances not counter
think about arguments for not against
remember evidence for

Front 11

skepticism

Back 11

we don't know many things we think we usually know

Front 12

representationalism (indirect realism)

Back 12

directly aware only of mental things called sense data
which represent external physical objects
reasonable to believe that it exists because it is the best explanation for the sense data

Front 13

sense data

Back 13

no two people can have the same
only exists when being perceived
vary depending on observer's condition

Front 14

Argument from perspective

Back 14

Russel

Front 15

Russell

Back 15

1. The objects that you see change depending on your perspective. (table example)
2. Physical objects do not change depending on your perspective.
3. Therefore, the objects that you see are not identical to the physical objects.

Front 16

foundationalism

Back 16

some beliefs require no reasons or evidence beyond themselves
other beliefs must be justified on the basis of foundational beliefs

Front 17

phenomenal conservatism

Back 17

huemer
if it seems like it is, that gives you some justification for believing it to be true