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13 Cards in this Set
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Thomas Aquinas - Cosmological Argument What are two objections? |
1. There are things the are caused. 2. Nothing can be the cause of itself. 3. An infinite regress of causes is impossible. 4. Therefore, there must be an uncaused first cause. 5. The word, "God" means uncaused first cause. 6. Therefore, god exists. Objections: 1. The word God means more than uncaused first cause. 2. How do we know an infinite regress of causes in impossible? |
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William Craig's response to the second objection to Thomas Aquinas Cosmological Argument |
Hilbert's Hotel 1. Assume an actual infinite is possible. 2. It would be possible to build a hotel with infinitely many rooms. 3. It would be possible for all the rooms to be full. 4. Suppose 20 people checked out. 5. Now there are 20 fewer people in the hotel. 6. However, infinity minus 20 is still infinity, so there are the same number of people in the hotel. 7. Premises 5 and 6 contradict. 8. Therefore, an actual infinite is impossible. |
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William Paley's Telephonic Argument |
1. Human artifacts are the product of intelligent design. 2. The universe resembles human artifacts. 3. The universe is more complex than human artifacts. 4. Therefore, the universe is probably the product of a vastly more intelligent designer. |
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David Hume's objections to the teleological argument |
1. You cannot argue from parts to whole. 2. The universe and human artifacts are too different to compare. 3. Belief in God is anthropomorphic. 4. The universe is too flawed. |
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Charles Darwin's objection to the teleological argument. |
5. Natural selection shows how there can be purposefulness without design. |
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Anselm's Ontological Argument |
1. Assume the GCB exists in the mind alone and not reality. 2. Existence in reality is greater than existence on the mind alone. 3. It is possible that the GCB exist in reality. 4. In such a case the GCB would be greater than the GCB. 5. This is a contradiction. 6. Therefore, the GCB exist in reality. |
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Kant's objection to the Ontological argument |
Anselm wants to prove God exists just by examining the properties of God. Then Anselm uses the possible existence of God as one of those properties. This is the fallacy of begging the question. |
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Pascal's Wager |
Four possible outcomes of people's belief in God. 1. God does not exist and we don't believe in God. (Extinction) 2. God does exist and we don't believe in God. (Hell) 3. God does not exist and we do believe in God. (Extinction) 4. God does exist and we believe in God (Heaven) Since there is only one good option, it is rational to choose the good one. |
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W.K Clifford's objection to Pascal's Wager |
It is immoral to believe any statement without sufficient evidence. Pascal is asking us to believe something on the basis of self-interest, rather than on the basis of sufficient evidence. |
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William Alson's objection to Pascal's Wager |
One cannot choose one's beliefs. |
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C.D Broad's argument from Mystical Experience. What is the objections? |
1. There is great agreement among mystics concerning the spiritual nature of reality. 2. When there is such agreement among observers their observations are usually correct. 3. There is no reason to believe these mystics are delusional. 4. Therefore, there is probably a spiritual aspect to reality. Objection: Mystical experiences cannot be repeated in the laboratory. They are not verifiable. |
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Argument from evil from Epicurus |
1. If God exist, then God is all powerful and perfectly good. 2. A person is morally obligated to stop evil when it is in their power to do so. 3. If God is all powerful, then God could stop evil. 4. If God is perfectly good, then God would want to stop evil. 5. Evil exists 6. Either God is not all powerful or not all perfectly good. 7. Therefore, God does not exist. |
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Augustine's free will defense against argument from evil. |
1. It is possible that God created people to love and be loved. 2. One cannot truly love unless one freely chooses love. 3. Therefore, God created people with free will. 4. Once people have free will it is possible for them to choose evil. 5. People have chosen to do evil. 6. Therefore, it is possible for an all powerful, perfectly good God to exist in a world with evil. |
