Philosophy Final Exam

Front 1

Name Three branches of ethical studies and name focus'

Back 1

1- Meta Ethics ; evaluating the presupposisitions we bring to ethical practice.
2-Ethical Theory ;specifies features of specified actions and virtue of which they have morsl satus
3-Applied Ethics ; wants to reasonably resolve moral dilemas. they apply ethical study

Front 2

2 a. define moral relativism.
b. describe and name the wtow sub categories

Back 2

a. denies that there are objective moral values.
b. subjectionism - depends on person and culturalism depends on the culture.

Front 3

3.If a personbelieves you slve moral problems by reason how does it efect Meta Ethical Point of View.

Back 3

There can be no moral relativism.

Front 4

Does argument from disagreement about moral relativism have good support?

Back 4

No, because we can disagree about objective moral value.

Front 5

Define moral dogmatism and give example

Back 5

Claim of divine communication. Ex. God told me.

Front 6

Distinguish between positive and negative rights.

Back 6

Neg- Not to have personal space violated
Positive- I have the right to.

Front 7

a) In ethical theory what are we evaluating?
b) what are the perspectives

Back 7

A-actions
B-agents(preforms act)& audience(group effected)

Front 8

Define consequentialism

Back 8

Evaluates actions based on their consequences.

Front 9

FOr utilitarians what is relevan consequence.

Back 9

Happines

Front 10

What actions are remisable for the Utilitarian?

Back 10

Actions that result in happiness

Front 11

Whatis John Stweart Mill's deffinition of happiness

Back 11

presence of pleasure and absence of pain

Front 12

opportuinity to be most pampered pig, would you do it? How did Mill Respond

Back 12

He would stay human because humans experience diffenert kinds of pleausre than pigs

Front 13

a)What is the problem with utilitarianism which gives rise to rule utilitarianism.
b) how does rule utilitarianism solve this problem.

Back 13

a-you dont know howmany people it would make happy as opposed to upset and how hapy or how upset
b- solve by rules of thumb for thypes of actions we evaluate generally

Front 14

a)Rauls vail of ignorance attemps to ensure what?
b)what is the vail

Back 14

a)just distrobution of goods.
b)a figurative vail we step behind when evaluating social contracts - it keeps you from being biased based on your social status.

Front 15

What are two problems wtih utilitarianism that deontological ethics addresses

Back 15

1. doesnt take intentions into consideration
2.we dont always know the consequences

Front 16

A) what are the two types of obligation.
B)what is the general form of conditionals.
C)wHAT IS GENERAL FORM OF STRICT OBLIGATIONS

Back 16

a- strict and conditional
b- if s desires that P then S ought to X
c- S ought to x-univesally binding- (categorical imperative)- moral principles.

Front 17

3 contraints on Categorical Imperatives

Back 17

1-There is only one
2-Univerally binding for all rational agents
3- Every rational agent decides for themselves what actions are morally okay

Front 18

Kant argues by a change unorally a person jeopordizes his/her humanity?

Back 18

Aristotl says to be human you must be rational
Kant sas to be rational you have to be moreal
Less moral less human.

Front 19

Universalizable acts to be considered not morally commencable. 2 ways

Back 19

1-If you do it becase you like to not because it is a duty
and
2-If youre not morally inclined.

Front 20

ACCORDING TO VIRTUE ETHISISTS WHO IS A VIRTUEIST PERSON?

Back 20

A person who is inclined to act in a way that is univeralizable

Front 21

What is the problem with preprogmatic supposition of virtue ethics - 2

Back 21

Takes for granted that character thoughts are stable
2. theres evidence its not true.