Philosophy Final

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Moral Relativism

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The view that objective moral truths do not exist

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Two types of moral relativism

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1. Subjectivism


2. Conventionalism

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Subjectivism

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the determiner of “what is right” is the individual person

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Conventionalism

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moral principles are whatever cultural accpets

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What were some significant problems that the different views of moral relativism face?

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1. If subjectivism is true, then morality becomes empty or useless.
2. Subjectivism leads to the conclusion that everyone is on the same moral level

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Substance View-

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a human being is a substance or natural kind of thing.
-whole is priot to the parts
-parts depend on whole
-human being is part of the natural kind
"human" has certain types of capacities and abilities

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Property thing view

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a human person is merely a collection of parts put together in a certain organized way
-parts prior to whole
-whole depends on parts
-personhood a suitability of a functioning human being

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argument for the personhood of the fetus

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the argument asks is there really a decisive moment when the attribute of personhood supervenes on the developing fetus.

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morals

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customs of a people/society

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ethics

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the process of determining right/wrong

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Theoretical ethics

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deals with ethical systems that have been developed to explain what is moral

normative-seek to tell people who they ought to act

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Applied Ethics

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Deals primarily with moral problems

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Teleological Systems

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based on the end result of consequences of an action
consequtial ethic

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5 Major Ethical Theories

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1. Teleological
2. Denotological
3. Relativism
4. Emotivism
5. virtue theory

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Deontological Systems

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-the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the action itself

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Relativism

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morality (being right or wrong) is not absolute or unchanging

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Emotivism

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there is NO substance to moral propositions at all
no truth or falsity to moral propositions.

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Virtue Theory

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there is more to morality than simply doing the right thing
-being the right kind of person

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Three Deontological Systems
1. Divine Command Theories-

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the Lord commands not to.

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Three Deontological Systems
2. Natural law theory

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this view states that one is obligated to act a certain way because of its conformity to certain rational….?

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Three Deontological Systems
3. Ethical Rationalistic Theories

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-the one is obligated to act a certain way because of its conformity to certain rationalism

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Three Deontological Systems

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1. Divine Command Theories-
2. Natural law theory
3. Ethical Rationalistic Theories

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two Teleological Systems

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1. ethical egoism
2. utilitarianism

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two Teleological Systems
1. ethical egoism

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1. ethical egosim-the act which produces the greatest good for the individual agent it the right act

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two Teleological Systems
2. utilitarism

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2. utlititarianism-the view that states that an act is moral or right if it produces the greatest utility good

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the moral arguement

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a priori arguement based on our rational moral reality. We seem to be confronted by the fact that there appears to be a moral law of some sort.

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definition of evil

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1. Evil is a substance or stuff
2. evil is a lack of something good

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moral evil

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evil that results from the coscious decisions of people

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natural evil

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evil from natural of physical causes

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theodicy

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-means the justifivation of God
An attempt to provide justification for evil in light of God’s existence

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What is the Philosophy of Religion?

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Secondary philosophy

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Natural Philosophy-

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the study or science of God through the use of natural intellect.

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Revealed Theology-

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this is the study of God by means of special revelation

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priori

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without the benefit of sense experiment
(Ontological, Moral)

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posteriori-

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to have the benefit of sense experience
(Cosmological, teleological)