Philosophy Exam 2

Front 1

Empericism

Back 1

belief that knowledge comes from experience

Front 2

Inductive Reasoning

Back 2

reasoning from the particular to the general

Front 3

Evidence

Back 3

something given

Front 4

Conclusion

Back 4

final statement/answer

solution

Front 5

argument

Back 5

premise(s) + conclusion

one or more premises intended to support a conclusion

Front 6

strong inductive argument

Back 6

premises give strong evidence

Front 7

weak inductive argument

Back 7

premises do not give strong evidence

Front 8

good inductive argument

Back 8

strong inductive argument with true premises

Front 9

deductively valid

Back 9

possible that the premises be true but conclusion is false

Front 10

deductively sound

Back 10

all premises are true

Front 11

conclusive

Back 11

good enough to justify believing the conclusion

Front 12

disconfirming

Back 12

evidence that a statement is false

Front 13

subsidary information

Back 13

a belief that something is true or false

Front 14

population

Back 14

general group of things relevant to a particular question

Front 15

individuals

Back 15

things which make up a population

Front 16

property

Back 16

charecteristics in question

Front 17

sample

Back 17

limited number of individuals

Front 18

representative sample

Back 18

sample likely to have close to the same proportion of the property of the population

Front 19

secondary properties

Back 19

properties other than the one in question

Front 20

primary property

Back 20

one started being interested in

Front 21

sample matching

Back 21

trying to end up with a sample that has a similar distribution to population as a whole

Front 22

randomly selected sample

Back 22

all individuals in population have equal chance of being selected for sample

Front 23

self selection

Back 23

selected themselves

Front 24

sampling with replacement

Back 24

take sample out and put it back

Front 25

sampling without replacement

Back 25

leaving selected out

Front 26

sample size

Back 26

how much in sample

Front 27

observed frequency

Back 27

??? percentage to decimals ???

Front 28

margin of error

Back 28

range of possibilities around frequency

Front 29

confidence level

Back 29

probability of truth of a claim

Front 30

one standard deviation

Back 30

67% level of confidence

Front 31

two standard deviation

Back 31

twice as large as one standard deviation

95% level of confidence

Front 32

three standard deviation

Back 32

three times as large as one standard deviation

99% level of confidence

Front 33

correlations

Back 33

comparison

Front 34

positive correlation

Back 34

greater than

Front 35

negative correlation

Back 35

smaller than

Front 36

no correlation

Back 36

equal to

Front 37

statistically significant

Back 37

data in sample justifies a conclusion about possible correlation in population

Front 38

explanation

Back 38

??

Front 39

nomological

Back 39

having to do with general laws of nature

Front 40

factual conditions

Back 40

facts that make the laws apply

Front 41

factual conditions recent

Back 41

became true recently

Front 42

factual conditions standing

Back 42

have been true longer

Front 43

hypothesis

Back 43

conjectures that might account for some fact

Front 44

entertaining

Back 44

considering it without necessarily believing it

Front 45

reasoning to the best explanation

Back 45

procedure to stop when only one hypothesis which is explandum and plausible enough to merit consideration

Front 46

theories

Back 46

highly debatable belief or wild guess

Front 47

anomalous data

Back 47

observations that seem incosistent with theory

Front 48

crucial experiment

Back 48

one that can turn out only in 2 ways

1 theory right/1 theory wrong

Front 49

theoretical entities

Back 49

believing in the claim of something

Front 50

theoretical entity realism

Back 50

hold that they do

Front 51

theoretical entity anti-realism

Back 51

hold that they dont