Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Logic
|
the science of evaluating arguments
|
|
|
What is an argument?
|
a gropu of statements with a premise that supports a conclusion
|
|
|
what is a statement
|
A sentence that is either true or false
|
|
|
what are truth values
|
the truth and falsity of a statement
|
|
|
what is a premise
|
statements that are resons or evidence for the conclusion
|
|
|
what is a conclusion
|
the statement that the evidence supports or implies
|
|
|
what is a conditional statement
|
Its and if and then statement
|
|
|
what are some conclusion indicators
|
therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer, accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result.
|
|
|
what are some premise indicators
|
since, as indicated by, because, for, in that, may be inferred from, as, given that, seeing that, for the reason that, isasmuch as, owing to
|
|
|
what is an inference
|
the reasoning process expressed by an argument
|
|
|
what is a proposition
|
meaning or information content of a statement
|
|
|
what syllogistic logic
|
logic based on fundamental elements or terms
|
|
|
what is modal logic
|
logic that involves possiblilty, necessity, belief, and doubt
|
|
|
what are nonarguments
|
warnings, pieces of advice, statements of belief, statements of opinion, lossely associated statements, reports, expository passages, illustrations, explanations, conditional statements
|
|
|
what is a deductive argument
|
argument which the arguer claims it is impossible to coclude false with true premises
|
|
|
what is an inductive argument
|
argument where the arguer claims improbable that the conclusion be false given true premises
|
|
|
what are the different inductive arguments
|
prediction, authority, analogy, signs (symbols), casual inference, genralization
|
|
|
what is a valid deductive argument
|
argument that is impossible to be false given true premises
|
|
|
what is an invalid deductive argument
|
argument that is possible to be false given true premises
|
|
|
what are strong inductive arguments
|
argument that is improbable that the conclusion be false given true premises
|
|
|
what are weak inductive arguments
|
conclusion does not follow probably from the premises
|
|
|
what is a sound argument
|
argument that is valid and has all true premises
|
|
|
what is a cogent argument
|
inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises
|
|
|
what is the counterexample method
|
argument constructed a substitution instance having true premises and false conclusion
|
