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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Agnosticism
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The refusal to take a position on the question of whether God exists or not, usually on the grounds that there is not sufficient evidence or that there can be no sufficient evidence for believing that God exists or that he does not exist
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refusal to take
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Atheism
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The belief that there is no God. A person who holds this belief is an atheist
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Theism
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Belief in god.
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Deism
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Deism holds that the universe must have been created by god but that there is no justification for the anthropomorphic attributes, such as concern for justice, love of humans, and intervention in human affairs that are found in biblical stories about him. this belief was particularly popular in the eighteenth century, a very science-minded century
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that are found in biblical stories about him.
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Pantheism:
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The belief that the universe is part of god and that there is no part of the universe that is separate from god.
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Teleological Argument
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(for the existence of God): Also known as the argument from Design, this form of argument attempts to prove that God exists on the basis that nature in its order and intricate workings is evidently designed. in other words, there has to have been an intelligent designer who created the universe, because such a vastly complex mechanism could not have come about by accident but by a purposeful act.
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(Teleo = purpose)
Vastly complex mechanism |
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Cosmological Argument
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(for the existence of God): This form of argument attempts to prove that there must have been a first cause for the existence of the universe. In other words, the universe has a beginning and anything that has a beginning has to have been cause by something other than itself.
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Something other than itself.
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Ontological Argument
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(for the existence of God): THis form of argument attempts to prove the existence of God from the very concept of God. It starts with the definition of God or a quality we generally attribute to God, and proceed to prove that GOd must exist if that definition or quality of God is true. (Start with an idea of something perfect, that thing that is perfect is god, if something is perfect it came from god)
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It starts with the definition of God or a quality we generally attribute to God
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Transcendent:
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A transcendent God is independent of and therefore distinct and separate from the universe that he has created. (An immanent God, on contrary is one who is not separate form the universe; He is identical to the universe...... God is the universe and the universe is god)
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independent
not separate |
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The problem of evil
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1. God is said to be omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and perfectly good
2. God created the world. 3. Being perfectly good, God would not want ot create a world with evil in it. 4.And being all-powerful, he could create a world without evil or remove any existing evil. 5. being all-knowing, he would know about any existing evil. 6. Since god could and would want to remove any evil from the world, why then is there evil in the world? 7. We can only conclude that either evil doesn't "actually" exist but only appears to, or God does not have all three qualities of omniptoence, omniscience, and perfect goodness. |
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Part A
God Exists St. Anselm's Ontological Argument for the Existence of God |
A) God is that being than which none greater can be thought.
B) it follows from this definition that god is greater than all things that exist in actuality or in the mind. C) Something that exists in actuality (reality) is greater than something that exists only in the mind (in the understanding). D) Therefore, God exists in actuality , as anything that exists in actuality would otherwise be greater than god - a contradiction. |
B) it follows from this definition that god is greater than all things that exist in actuality or in the mind. |
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Part B
God Necessarily Exist St. Anselm's Ontological Argument for the Existence of God |
A) Some thoughts are greater than others.
B) The thought of something that actually exists is greater than the thought of something merely imagined. C) But to say God does not exist is to say God is merely an imagined idea D) Since an imagined idea is less htan an idea of something that actually exists, then God cannot be thought of as merely imagined. E) Because to say God is merely imagined and therefore not existing is the same as to say that, that than which a greater cannot be thought is that than which a greater can be thought. (When you deny gods existence you can then think of something greater then god) F) Therefore, God cannot be thought not to exist. G) Therefore, God necessarily exists. |
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Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God by St. Aquinas
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A) Natural objects like the planets are evidently in motion
B) But they cannot have moved themselves to begin the motion C) Whatever is moved have to have been moved by yet another and so on and so forth D) But this cannot go on to infinity, since motion had to have started somewhere. F) Therefore, there must have been a first mover that was not itself moved. G) This unmoved mover is what we call God |
(Argument from Motion)
C) Whatever is moved have to have been moved by yet another and so on and so forth |
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Teleological Argument (Argument for Design) for the Existence of God by St. Aquinas
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A) Things that lack knowledge, such as the planets, act for an end (toward a purpose).
B) This is evident form their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way - not fortuitously, but designedly C) Now whatever lacks knowledge cannot move towards an end, except as directed by some being that has knowledge and intelligence - as the arrow is directed by the archer. D) Therefore, some intelligent being exists by which these objects are directed towards their end. E) This intelligent being is God |
A) Things that lack knowledge, such as the planets, act for an end (toward a purpose).
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"The Will to Believe" by William James
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a) Skepticism (Agnosticism) is a disguised fear of being wrong. it, in effect, says "Better risk loss of truth than chance of error"
b) To the person who believes, the world is no longer an it but a Thour, meaning: The world is no longer a cold impersonal place but a place he or she can relate to as if it were human. To this person who believes, every relationship that is possible with a human is suddenly possible with the world |
The world is no longer a cold impersonal place but a place he or she can relate to as if it were human.
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Criticism of Religion (CHristianity) by Karl Marx
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Religion is one way humans try to cope with the intolerable suffering of their condition in this world. "It is the opium of the people." Like any other drug, religion provides nothing ubt an escape. Instead of facing the reality of our situation and working to eradicate its inhumanity, we look to another world for a better life. Instead of building our lives around ourselves, we emphasis on the hereafter over the here and now, this denial of self in other to affirm another being, is a result of seeing the world upside down. As soon as we see the world rightside up, we realize that the true criticism of religion is the eradication of the dehumanizing conditions that make its appeal so compelling.
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Religion is one way humans try to cope with the intolerable suffering of their condition in this world.
, we look to another world for a better life. |
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Criticism of Religion (Christianity) by Friedrich Nietzsche
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Christianity preaches such values as turning the other cheek, longsuffering, and humility, etc. These values go against our instinct of self-preservation. And upon closer look, we find that only the weak benefit from these values. Therefore, Christianity is a tool used by the weak to control the strong.
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go against our instinct of self-preservation
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