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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Be able to explain logical consistency |
Consistency of beliefs. A theory that does not contain a contradiction. "I Love you and I don't Love you" = Contradiction |
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Know the difference between logical and causal possibilities |
Logical possibilities are anything that we can imagine. If it can happen in a movie, then its logical. Causal possibilities pertains to the actual world. |
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Be able to explain thought experiments and counterexamples |
Thought experiments are customary scenarios that help us identify principles or judgements that we can then use to shed light on actual cases. Like a hypothesis. Counterexamples disproves a statement or proposition. Counter examples and thought experiments are used to test analyses. |
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Know the difference between lexical and real definitions |
Lexical definitions are the meaning of a word found on a dictionary or encyclopedia. Real definitions are the way we define a word. |
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What are necessary and sufficient conditions? What are they used for? |
Necessary condition is a condition that must be satisfied. Sufficient condition is a condition that if satisfied, guarantees to "obtain". Necessary and sufficient conditions are used to determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for the application of the term. |
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Ad Hominum |
The argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the the person presenting the claim or argument. 1. Bill - "I believe that abortion is morally wrong" 2. Dave - "Of course you would say that, you're a priest" |
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Slippery Slope |
When an event happens, then another event must inevitably happen without any argument 1. Event X has occurred (or will or might occur) 2. Therefore event Y will inevitably happen |
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Straw Person |
When a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position. 1. Person A has position X 2. Person B presents position Y 3. Person B attacks position Y 4. Therefore X is false/incorrect/flawed |
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Begging the question |
Premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or assume that the conclusion is true. 1. God must exist 2. How do you know? 1. Because the Bible says so 2. Why should I believe the Bible? 1. Because the Bible was written by God |
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Red Herring |
An irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue. |
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Appeal to authority |
When a person falls prey to this fallacy, he/she accepts the claim because they erroneously believe that the person making the claim is a legitimate expert, and the claim is reasonable to accept. |
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Appeal to emotion |
When someone manipulates people's emotion in order to get them to accept a claim as being truth. "The new Power Tangerine Computer gives you the power you need. If you buy one, people will envy your power. They will look up to you and wish they were just like you. You will know the true joy of power. Tangerine Power." |
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What are Euthyphro and Socrates trying to identify? |
The real meaning of Piety and the meaning of Morality |
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Be able to identify the attempts by Euthyphro to explain Piety |
1st Attempt: Euthyphro explained that what he was doing (placing criminal charges against his father) was the meaning of Piety 2nd Attempt: Euthyphro explained that what is loved by the Gods is Pios. 3rd Attempt: Euthyphro explained that by which all God's agree is moral |
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Identify the responses by Socrates |
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What is the importance of the following attempt: What is pious is what all the Gods love. |
It raised a question of who was the "author" of the meaning of morality. It sparked Socrates Dilema: "Is Something moral because God loves it? or Does God love it because it is Moral?" If the answer is the second one, then God is not the author of Morality. |
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Why is Euthyphro at the courthouse? |
To place Murder Charges against his own father |
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Why does Euthyphro say he can help Socrates? |
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How does the dialogue end? |
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